A shared understanding of the benefits and tradeoffs to people from alternative land management strategies is critical to successful decision-making for managing public lands and fostering shared stewardship. This study describes an approach for identifying and monitoring the types of resource benefits and tradeoffs considered in National Forest planning in the United States under the 2012 Planning Rule and demonstrates the use of tools for conceptualizing the production of ecosystem services and benefits from alternative land management strategies. Efforts to apply these tools through workshops and engagement exercises provide opportunities to explore and highlight measures, indicators, and data sources for characterizing benefits and tradeoffs in collaborative environments involving interdisciplinary planning teams. Conceptual modeling tools are applied to a case study examining the social and economic benefits of recreation on the Ashley National Forest. The case study illustrates how these types of tools facilitate dialog for planning teams to discuss alternatives and key ecosystem service outcomes, create easy to interpret visuals that map details in plans, and provide a basis for selecting ecosystem service (socio-economic) metrics. These metrics can be used to enhance environmental impact analysis, and help satisfy the goals of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the 2012 Planning Rule, and shared stewardship initiatives. The systematic consideration of ecosystem services outcomes and metrics supported by this approach enhanced dialog between members of the Forest planning team, allowed for a more transparent process in identification of key linkages and outcomes, and identified impacts and outcomes that may not have been apparent to the sociologist who is lacking the resource specific expertise of these participants. As a result, the use of the Ecosystem Service Conceptual Model (ESCM) process may result in reduced time for internal reviews and greater comprehension of anticipated outcomes and impacts of proposed management in the plan revision Environmental Impact Statement amongst the planning team.

中文翻译：

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探索使用生态系统服务概念模型来解释公共土地的收益：以美国国家森林规划为例

对替代土地管理策略给人们带来的利益和取舍的共识，对于成功管理公共土地和促进共同管理的决策至关重要。这项研究描述了一种方法，该方法可用于识别和监控美国国家森林计划（2012年规划规则）中考虑的资源收益和权衡的类型，并演示了使用工具来概念化生态系统服务的生产和替代土地管理策略的收益。通过研讨会和参与演习来应用这些工具的努力提供了机会，以探索和强调度量，指标和数据源，以表征涉及跨学科计划团队的协作环境中的收益和权衡。将概念建模工具应用于案例研究，以研究阿什利国家森林（Ashley National Forest）上休闲娱乐的社会和经济利益。案例研究说明了这些类型的工具如何促进计划团队之间的对话，以讨论替代方案和关键的生态系统服务成果，创建易于解释的视觉效果，以绘制计划中的详细信息，并为选择生态系统服务（社会经济）指标提供基础。这些指标可用于增强环境影响分析，并帮助实现《国家环境政策法》（NEPA），2012年《规划规则》和共享管理计划的目标。这种方法支持的对生态系统服务成果和指标的系统化考虑，加强了森林规划小组成员之间的对话，允许在确定关键联系和结果时采用更加透明的过程，并确定对于缺乏这些参与者特定资源专业知识的社会学家而言可能不是显而易见的影响和结果。结果，使用生态系统服务概念模型（ESCM）流程可以减少内部审查的时间，并可以在计划修订小组的环境影响声明中更好地理解预期的结果和拟议管理的影响。