Climate change is threatening our ability to manage forest ecosystems sustainably. Despite strong consensus on the need for a broad portfolio of options to face this challenge, diversified management options have yet to be widely implemented. Inspired by functional zoning, a concept aimed at optimizing biodiversity conservation and wood production in multiple-use forest landscapes, we present a portfolio of management options that intersects management objectives with forest vulnerability to better address the wide range of goals inherent to forest management under climate change. Using this approach, we illustrate how different adaptation options could be implemented when faced with impacts related to climate change and its uncertainty. These options range from establishing ecological reserves in climatic refuges, where self-organizing ecological processes can result in resilient forests, to intensive plantation silviculture that could ensure a stable wood supply in an uncertain future. While adaptation measures in forests that are less vulnerable correspond to the traditional functional zoning management objectives, forests with higher vulnerability might be candidates for transformative measures as they may be more susceptible to abrupt changes in structure and composition. To illustrate how this portfolio of management options could be applied, we present a theoretical case study for the eastern boreal forest of Canada. Even if these options are supported by solid evidence, their implementation across the landscape may present some challenges and will require good communication among stakeholders and with the public.

中文翻译：

---

重新审视气候变化下的功能区划概念，以扩大适应方案的范围

气候变化正威胁着我们可持续管理森林生态系统的能力。尽管就需要广泛的选择组合来应对这一挑战达成了共识，但多元化的管理选择尚未得到广泛实施。受功能分区（旨在优化多用途森林景观中的生物多样性保护和木材生产的概念）的启发，我们提出了一系列管理方案，这些方案与管理目标与森林脆弱性相交，以更好地解决气候变化下森林管理固有的广泛目标改变。使用这种方法，我们说明了当面对与气候变化及其不确定性有关的影响时，如何实施不同的适应方案。这些选择的范围包括在气候庇护所中建立生态保护区，自组织的生态过程可以使森林恢复活力，密集的人工林造林可以确保在不确定的将来稳定的木材供应。虽然较不脆弱的森林中的适应措施与传统的功能区划管理目标相对应，但较脆弱的森林可能是转型措施的候选者，因为它们更容易受到结构和组成的突然变化的影响。为了说明如何应用这些管理选项组合，我们对加拿大东部的北方寒带林进行了理论案例研究。即使这些选择得到有力的证据支持，它们在整个领域的实施也可能会带来一些挑战，并且需要利益相关者之间以及与公众之间的良好沟通。