A transgenic winter triticale line expressing the uidA gene, encoding β-glucuronidase, was used to assess the pollen flow in field experiments over two consecutive vegetation seasons in central Poland. The experimental design included two variants of mixed transgenic and non-transgenic lines. Pollen grains were collected using passive traps located at 0, 10, 30, 60 and 85 meters from the transgenic line. GM pollen grains were detected histochemically by staining with x-Gluc. A positive effect of temperature increase, as well as the strength and direction of the wind on the number and spread of pollen grains was observed. Regardless of the experiment year and variant, only few pollen grains were observed at a distance of 85 m. In the first year of the study the amount of pollen grains at 85 m was 300-fold lower than at the source and 140-fold lower in the second year. The number of transgenic pollen grains was two times lower when the field with the transgenic triticale was surrounded by a non-transgenic line, compared to an empty field. On the basis of the obtained results, we suggest 100 m as the distance for triticale pollen migration, although longer flight incidents are possible in extreme atmospheric conditions.

中文翻译：

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用表达β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酸酶基因的转基因品系调查了冬小麦（x Triticosecale Wittmack）的花粉流

表达uid A基因的转基因冬季黑小麦系，编码β-葡糖醛酸苷酶用于波兰中部两个连续植被季节的田间试验中的花粉流量评估。实验设计包括混合的转基因和非转基因品系的两个变体。使用位于距转基因品系0、10、30、60和85米处的被动陷阱收集花粉粒。通过用x-Gluc染色在组织化学上检测到GM花粉粒。观察到温度升高以及风的强度和方向对花粉粒数量和扩散的积极影响。不管实验年份和变种如何，在85 m的距离上仅观察到很少的花粉粒。在研究的第一年，85 m处的花粉粒数量比来源处少300倍，第二年减少140倍。与空田相比，当转基因小黑麦的田地被非转基因品系包围时，转基因花粉粒的数量减少了两倍。根据获得的结果，我们建议小黑麦花粉迁移的距离为100 m，尽管在极端大气条件下可能会发生更长的飞行事件。