Chronic obstructive airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, rhinitis, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are amongst the most common treatable and preventable chronic conditions with high morbidity burden and mortality risk. We aimed to explore the existence of multimorbidity clusters in patients with such diseases and to estimate their prevalence and impact on mortality. We conducted an observational retrospective study in the EpiChron Cohort (Aragon, Spain), selecting all patients with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, asthma, COPD, and/or OSA. The study population was stratified by age (i.e., 15–44, 45–64, and ≥ 65 years) and gender. We performed cluster analysis, including all chronic conditions recorded in primary care electronic health records and hospital discharge reports. More than 75% of the patients had multimorbidity (co-existence of two or more chronic conditions). We identified associations of dermatologic diseases with musculoskeletal disorders and anxiety, cardiometabolic diseases with mental health problems, and substance use disorders with neurologic diseases and neoplasms, amongst others. The number and complexity of the multimorbidity clusters increased with age in both genders. The cluster with the highest likelihood of mortality was identified in men aged 45 to 64 years and included associations between substance use disorder, neurologic conditions, and cancer. Large-scale epidemiological studies like ours could be useful when planning healthcare interventions targeting patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases and multimorbidity.

慢性阻塞性气道疾病，例如慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）、哮喘、鼻炎和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA），是最常见的可治疗和可预防的慢性疾病，具有很高的发病负担和死亡风险。我们的目的是探索此类疾病患者中是否存在多发病集群，并估计其患病率及其对死亡率的影响。我们在 EpiChron 队列（西班牙阿拉贡）中进行了一项观察性回顾性研究，选择了所有诊断为过敏性鼻炎、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病和/或 OSA 的患者。研究人群按年龄（即15-44岁、45-64岁和≥65岁）和性别进行分层。我们进行了聚类分析，包括初级保健电子健康记录和出院报告中记录的所有慢性病。超过 75% 的患者患有多种疾病（两种或多种慢性病共存）。我们确定了皮肤病与肌肉骨骼疾病和焦虑、心脏代谢疾病与心理健康问题、物质使用障碍与神经系统疾病和肿瘤等的关联。无论性别，多发病簇的数量和复杂性都随着年龄的增长而增加。死亡可能性最高的群体是在 45 至 64 岁的男性中确定的，其中包括物质使用障碍、神经系统疾病和癌症之间的关联。在规划针对慢性阻塞性气道疾病和多种疾病患者的医疗干预措施时，像我们这样的大规模流行病学研究可能会很有用。