Antimicrobial resistance control programmes often aim to “fix” the behaviour of antibiotic users and prescribers. Such behavioural interventions have been widely criticised in social science literature for being inefficient and too narrow in scope. Drawing on these criticisms, this article analyses how political programmes for fixing antibiotic behaviours were adapted into the practices of health‐care professionals and patients in Russia. In 2018, we conducted interviews with medical doctors, pharmacists and patients in a Russian city; focusing on their practices around the policy requirement introduced in 2017 which obligated medical prescriptions of antibiotics. We conceptualised the obligatory medical prescription as a political technique which sought to change practices of self‐treatment and over‐the‐counter sales of medications by establishing doctors as an obligatory passage point to access antibiotics. Our analysis shows that the requirement for medical prescriptions does not fulfil the infrastructural gaps that influence antibiotic practices. By navigating the antibiotic prescriptions, doctors, pharmacists and patients informally compensate for the gaps in the existing infrastructure creating informal networks of antibiotic care parallel to the requirement of obligatory prescriptions. Following these informal practices, we could map the inconsistencies in the current policy approaches to tackle AMR as a behavioural rather than infrastructural problem.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯的抗生素强制性医疗处方：在正规和非正规医疗保健基础设施中导航

抗菌素耐药性控制计划通常旨在“修复”抗生素使用者和处方者的行为。这种行为干预在社会科学文献中被广泛批评为效率低下且范围太窄。基于这些批评，本文分析了纠正抗生素行为的政治计划如何适应俄罗斯医疗保健专业人员和患者的实践。2018年，我们在俄罗斯某城市采访了医生、药剂师和患者；围绕 2017 年出台的政策要求开展实践，该政策要求强制开具抗生素处方。我们将强制性医疗处方概念化为一种政治技术，旨在通过将医生作为获得抗生素的强制性途径来改变自我治疗和非处方药销售的做法。我们的分析表明，对医疗处方的要求并不能弥补影响抗生素实践的基础设施差距。通过浏览抗生素处方，医生、药剂师和患者非正式地弥补了现有基础设施中的差距，创建了与强制性处方要求平行的非正式抗生素护理网络。遵循这些非正式的做法，我们可以绘制当前政策方法中的不一致之处，以将 AMR 作为行为而非基础设施问题来解决。