Children make dramatic gains in their abilities to understand, express, and regulate their feelings before entering kindergarten. Despite decades of research into parents’ socialization of young children's emotion skills, the field lacks a formal synthesis of past studies testing the associations between specific emotion-focused parenting practices and young children's emerging emotion skills. The present meta-analysis addresses this gap. This study relies on a framework that organizes parent emotion socialization into three core emotion-focused parenting practices (modeling, responding, and instructing) and connects these practices to children's emotion skills (knowledge, expression, and regulation). Over 1600 abstracts were screened. Articles meeting inclusion criteria (N = 24) reported that parents’ modeling of, responding to, and instructing about emotions were positively correlated with children's emotion skills, but only sometimes significantly, and effect sizes were small (ranging from $\overline{r}=.05$ to $\overline{r}=.19$ and $\overline{\beta }=.05$ to $\overline{\beta }=.12$) and studies mostly relied on bivariate cross-sectional associations. This review also revealed several ways in which the literature can be strengthened, including through the use of longitudinal and experimental designs, reliance on common measures, and inclusion of diverse representative samples. This study concludes with a discussion of these findings’ implications for future research, especially the need for improved reporting standards and increased attention to understudied aspects of emotion-focused parenting.

在进入幼儿园之前，孩子们在理解，表达和调节自己的感受方面的能力有了巨大的进步。尽管对父母对幼儿情感技能的社会化进行了数十年的研究，但该领域仍缺乏对以往研究的正式综合研究，这些研究测试了针对特定情感的父母养育方式与幼儿新兴情感技能之间的关系。本荟萃分析解决了这一空白。这项研究依赖于一个框架，该框架将父母情感社会化组织为三个以情感为中心的核心育儿实践（建模，响应和指导），并将这些实践与儿童的情感技能（知识，表达和调节）联系起来。筛选了1600多个摘要。符合纳入标准的文章（否 = 24）报告说，父母对情绪的建模，响应和指导与儿童的情绪技能呈正相关，但有时只是显着相关，影响大小很小（范围从 $\overline{\mathrm{[R}}=.05$ 到 $\overline{\mathrm{[R}}=.19$ 和 $\overline{\beta }=.05$ 到 $\overline{\beta }=.12$），而研究大多依赖于双变量横截面关联。这篇综述还揭示了几种可以加强文献的方法，包括通过使用纵向和实验设计，依靠共同措施以及包括各种代表性样品。这项研究最后讨论了这些发现对未来研究的意义，特别是需要改进报告标准并增加对以情感为中心的父母育儿的未充分研究方面的关注。