This article explores the participation of immigrants, or people born outside the kingdom, in urban politics in later medieval England. It demonstrates that the nationality of these newcomers was of only secondary importance. What mattered most was whether immigrants’ economic and political interests aligned with those of the civic political elites. If they did not, aliens’ nationality could be mobilized to exclude them from urban politics. If, however, immigrants’ activities complemented those of the urban elites economically and politically, they had every chance to engage with all aspects of civic political life and be elected into the highest civic offices.

中文翻译：

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公民和国籍：中世纪后期英格兰移民在城市政治中的参与

本文探讨了移民或王国以外出生的人在后来的中世纪英格兰对城市政治的参与。它表明，这些新移民的国籍仅是次要的。最重要的是，移民的经济和政治利益是否与公民政治精英的利益一致。如果他们不这样做，则可以动员外国人的国籍，将他们排除在城市政治之外。但是，如果移民的补充活动与城市精英的经济和政治，他们每一个机会从事与公民政治生活的各个方面和被选举为最高公民办事处。