ABSTRACT

1. This study was undertaken to evaluate genetic diversity among three varieties of Japanese quail (British Range, English White and Tuxedo) differing in plumage colour. The level of genetic variation was rated through the histone H1 polymorphic loci (H1.b and H1.z) containing quantitatively similar (P > 0.05) isoforms (H1.b1, H1.b2 and H1.z1, H1.z2) that form both homozygous (b1, b2 and z1, z2) and heterozygous (b1b2 and z1z2) phenotypes.

2. The complete set of histone H1 phenotypes were characteristic of the British Range and Tuxedo varieties. Phenotypes b2 and z2 were not detected in the English White variety. A lack of the former phenotypes resulted in excess of heterozygotes at loci H1.b (F = −0.563) and H1.z (F = −0.562), pointing to the presence of outbreeding.

3. The English White variety deviated from Hardy–Weinberg proportions (H1.b – Χ² = 7.61, P < 0.05 and H1.z – Χ² = 5.84, P < 0.05), in contrast to the British Range variety (H1.b – Χ² = 0.86, P > 0.05 and H1.z – Χ² = 0.86, P > 0.05) and Tuxedo (H1.b – Χ² = 1.6, P > 0.05 and H1.z – Χ² = 1.6, P > 0.05). The estimated values of the F_ST index for loci H1.b (0.073) and H1.z (0.099) indicate a moderate genetic diversity of the quail population.

4. The distinct array and distribution of histone H1 phenotypes among quail varieties suggested that histone H1 allelic variants might have an individual impact on characteristic pigmentation of poultry.

摘要

1.这项研究是为了评估三种羽色不同的日本鹌鹑（英国范围，英国白和燕尾服）之间的遗传多样性。遗传变异水平通过组蛋白H1多态性位点（H1.b和H1.z）进行评估，该位点包含定量相似（P> 0.05）的同工型（H1.b1，H1.b2和H1.z1，H1.z2）纯合（b1，b2和z1，z2）和杂合（b1b2和z1z2）表型。

2.完整的组蛋白H1表型是英国Range和Tuxedo品种的特征。在英国白人品种中未检测到表型b2和z2。前表型的缺乏导致在基因座H1.b（F = -0.563）和H1.z（F = -0.562）处杂合子过多，表明存在近交。

3.英语白色品种从哈迪-温伯格比例偏离（H1.b - Χ ²  = 7.61，P <0.05和H1.z - Χ ²  = 5.84，P <0.05），而相比之下，英国范围品种（H1。 b - Χ ²  = 0.86，P> 0.05和H1.z - Χ ²  = 0.86，P> 0.05）和Tuxedo（H1.b - Χ ²  = 1.6，P> 0.05和H1.z - Χ ²  = 1.6，P > 0.05）。H1.b（0.073）和H1.z（0.099）位点的F _ST指数估计值表明鹌鹑种群具有中等遗传多样性。

4.鹌鹑品种间组蛋白H1表型的独特排列和分布表明，组蛋白H1等位基因变体可能对家禽的特征性色素沉着有个别影响。