Zebrafish is a worldwide used animal model to better understand cultured fish species; thus, in the last two decades, zebrafish facilities have been created in many aquaculture research centres. However, and despite the attempts of rigorous aseptic conditions for animal husbandry in wet laboratory facilities, the presence of parasites cannot be underestimated. The microsporidium Pseudoloma neurophilia, which mostly affects the central nervous system, has been listed as the most prevalent parasite in reared zebrafish. The emergence of P. neurophilia is usually detected when the individual presents irreversible morphological and/or behavioural symptoms, and consequently, the spread of the disease is inevitable, indicating that the infection is expanded across rearing tanks. This review attempts, for the first time, to collect and discuss the current information on P. neurophilia life cycle, target tissues and symptomatology of the infection occurred in zebrafish. Due to its vertical transmission together with the increasing presence of zebrafish as a model in reproduction-related problems found in aquaculture, it is highlighted, among others, the sexual dimorphism of the pathogenic effects and the possible transgenerational implications of parasitic infections. Further, to date none effective treatments have been described, so here we provide in detail available diagnostic methods, discussing the importance of the early detection, giving safety-rearing recommendations to decrease the presence of P. neurophilia. Our intention is to minimize parasite outbreaks in zebrafish facilities, which, on the one hand, can compromise zebrafish welfare, and on the other hand, could interfere furtively in the resulting research previously designed for improving aquaculture production but also other biomedical-related research.

中文翻译：

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审查流行的斑马鱼模型中的假性嗜神经瘤感染

斑马鱼是一种世界范围内使用的动物模型，可以更好地了解养殖鱼类；因此，在过去的二十年里，许多水产养殖研究中心建立了斑马鱼设施。然而，尽管在湿实验室设施中尝试为畜牧业提供严格的无菌条件，但不能低估寄生虫的存在。微孢子虫嗜神经性假单胞菌主要影响中枢神经系统，已被列为饲养斑马鱼中最普遍的寄生虫。嗜神经性假单胞菌的出现通常在个体出现不可逆转的形态和/或行为症状时被检测到，因此，疾病的传播是不可避免的，这表明感染在养殖池中扩大。本综述首次尝试收集和讨论有关嗜神经性假单胞菌的当前信息斑马鱼的生命周期、靶组织和感染的症状。由于其垂直传播以及斑马鱼作为水产养殖中繁殖相关问题模型的日益增多，突出了致病作用的性别二态性和寄生虫感染可能的跨代影响。此外，迄今为止尚未描述任何有效的治疗方法，因此我们在此提供详细可用的诊断方法，讨论早期检测的重要性，并提供安全饲养建议以减少P.neurophilia的存在. 我们的目的是尽量减少斑马鱼设施中寄生虫的爆发，这一方面会损害斑马鱼的福利，另一方面可能会暗中干扰先前旨在提高水产养殖产量的研究，以及其他与生物医学相关的研究。