Since its emergence nearly 30 years ago with the goal of fabricating replacement human tissues or assisting the body in repairing itself, several advances have been made in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The assembly of living cells into tissues is akin to the scale-up operation of a chemical or biochemical process with several modules or units affecting the final product. The major modules or units in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are cells, biodegradable scaffolds, bioreactors, and biomolecules. Each module is analogous to unit operations, where individual units must come together to successfully design engineered tissues for therapeutic and drug discovery applications. Basic principles of biological sciences, chemical engineering, materials chemistry, and polymer processing are frequently employed. More specifically, knowledge about viscous fluid flow, mass transfer, and reaction engineering is essential in tissue engineering. In this review article, we present the nexus between chemical engineering and tissue engineering for the rational design of engineered tissues or injectable cell-laden hydrogel systems.

中文翻译：

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组织工程和再生疗法：化学工程和转化医学的关系

自从近 30 年前以制造替代人体组织或帮助身体自我修复为目标出现以来，组织工程和再生医学领域已经取得了一些进展。将活细胞组装到组织中类似于化学或生化过程的放大操作，其中有几个模块或单元会影响最终产品。组织工程和再生医学的主要模块或单元是细胞、生物可降解支架、生物反应器和生物分子。每个模块类似于单元操作，其中各个单元必须聚集在一起才能成功设计用于治疗和药物发现应用的工程组织。经常使用生物科学、化学工程、材料化学和聚合物加工的基本原理。更具体地说，关于粘性流体流动、传质和反应工程的知识在组织工程中是必不可少的。在这篇评论文章中，我们介绍了化学工程和组织工程之间的联系，以便合理设计工程组织或可注射的载有细胞的水凝胶系统。