In spite of the two‐fold reproductive advantage, asexual reproduction is not common in nature, probably due to the associated genetic deterioration or reduced genetic variation. To understand how genetic diversity is maintained in existing asexual populations, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of sympatric sexual and asexual populations of a parasitic wasp, Meteorus pulchricornis, using 614 genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. The genetic structures of the apomictic asexual populations were distinct, showing considerable genetic differentiation among them. Most of the asexual populations were highly differentiated from the sympatric sexual population; some asexual individuals could not be distinguished from members of the sexual population. Furthermore, significantly fewer multilocus genotypes were identified in the asexual populations (1–7) compared to the sexual population (42), which is consistent with their apomictic nature. The observed patterns of fixed heterozygous sites suggest that most asexual populations had the same evolutionary origin and have long since evolved individually; the detected gene flow between the sexual population and a few asexual population may indicate independent origins of asexuality. The potential role of occasional males in apomictic wasps is also discussed.

中文翻译：

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从 600 个单核苷酸多态性位点推断寄生黄蜂 Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) 同域有性和无性种群的基因组种群结构

尽管具有两倍的繁殖优势，但无性繁殖在自然界中并不常见，这可能是由于相关的遗传退化或遗传变异减少所致。为了了解现有无性种群中遗传多样性是如何保持的，我们调查了寄生黄蜂Meteorus pulchricornis的同域有性和无性种群的遗传多样性和种群结构，使用 614 个全基因组单核苷酸多态性。无性生殖无性种群的遗传结构明显不同，显示出相当大的遗传分化。大多数无性人群与同域有性人群高度分化；一些无性恋个体无法与有性人群的成员区分开来。此外，与有性种群 (42) 相比，在无性种群 (1-7) 中发现的多位点基因型显着减少，这与它们的无生殖特性一致。观察到的固定杂合位点模式表明，大多数无性种群具有相同的进化起源，并且早已单独进化。在有性人群和少数无性人群之间检测到的基因流动可能表明无性恋的独立起源。还讨论了偶尔雄性在无融合生殖黄蜂中的潜在作用。