2D semiconductors and their heterostructures have developed into a flourishing research field. A more or less simultaneous start of experimental and theoretical developments has led to continuous advancements in both branches of physics that continue to benefit from one another in an exemplary manner. This article gives an overview of the theoretical advancements that have resulted from a decade of research on 2D van der Waals materials and reviews current theoretical methods, focussing on exciton‐plasma balance, excited‐state optics, and laser physics.

中文翻译：

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原子薄范德华半导体的理论研究

二维半导体及其异质结构已发展成为一个蓬勃发展的研究领域。实验和理论发展的或多或少同时开始，导致了物理学的两个分支的不断发展，并继续以一种典范的方式相互受益。本文概述了十年来对二维范德华材料的研究所取得的理论进展，并回顾了当前的理论方法，重点是激子-等离子体平衡，激发态光学和激光物理学。