The study of the species’ climatic niche is an excellent proxy of their vulnerability to global climate change. It is well known that species with greater niche marginality or a smaller niche breadth are most vulnerable to global climate change. However, these measures have never been contextualized regarding the shortfalls in biogeography: Linnean and Darwinian shortfalls. Here based on the study of Liolaemidae, one of the most diverse families of tetrapods, we showed that as phylogenetic and taxonomic knowledge accumulated across time and shortfalls filled up, the split of species complexes (previously recognized as single species) generates new species much more vulnerable to the effect of global climate change. We calculated and compared via Ecological Niche Factor Analyses (ENFA), Climate-Niche Factor Analysis (CNFA), and ellipsenm the marginality and breadth of climatic niches of five monophyletic groups of lizards, considering two stages in their taxonomic knowledge: the original described species (past period), and currently the updated species (2020 period). For both stages, we also estimated their climate change exposure and vulnerability. The climatic niche of the updated species (current, 2020) was significantly more marginal and smaller, and therefore their exposure and vulnerability to global climate change significantly more remarkable, than the originally described species (past periods). Our findings evidence that the real vulnerability of biodiversity to global climate, could be masked for the lack of taxonomic and phylogenetic knowledge, highlighting the great importance of these disciplines for species’ risk assessments. This fact is especially exacerbated in those poorly known or unstudied diverse groups and countries.

对物种气候生态位的研究很好地说明了物种对全球气候变化的脆弱性。众所周知，生态位边缘化程度较高或生态位宽度较小的物种最容易受到全球气候变化的影响。但是，这些措施从未针对生物地理学的不足（林尼和达尔文式的不足）进行了背景分析。在此基础上，对四足类动物最多样化的家族之一的蜥蜴科进行了研究，结果表明，随着时间跨度和不足而积累的系统学和分类学知识，物种复合体（以前被认为是单一物种）的分裂产生了更多的新物种。易受全球气候变化的影响。我们通过以下方式进行了计算和比较生态位生态因子分析（ENFA），气候位生态因子分析（CNFA）和Ellipsenm考虑到蜥蜴的生物分类知识的两个阶段，五个单系蜥蜴的气候生态位的边缘性和广度：最初描述的物种（过去的时期）和当前的更新物种（2020年的时期）。对于这两个阶段，我们还估算了它们对气候变化的影响和脆弱性。与最初描述的物种（过去的时期）相比，更新后的物种（当前，2020年）的气候生态位显着更边缘和更小，因此它们的暴露程度和对全球气候变化的脆弱性显着得多。我们的发现表明，生物多样性对全球气候的真正脆弱性可能因缺乏分类学和系统发育知识而被掩盖，从而突出说明了这些学科对于物种风险评估的重要意义。