Executive functions (EFs) play important roles in children's development, but their neural mechanisms are rarely investigated, especially for the different components of EFs in middle childhood. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the links between resting-state EEG in the frontal scalp region and EFs in children aged 7–9 years. Fifty-nine typically developing children from the second and third grades performed two core EF tasks, i.e., inhibition and working memory, and a high-level EF task, i.e., planning, followed by the recording of EEG signals during eyes-open and eyes-closed resting states. The results showed that distinct EEG activities in the frontal scalp region predicted different EF components. More specifically, after controlling for age and verbal ability, alpha to theta power ratio (ATR) and beta to theta power ratio (BTR) during the eyes-open resting state positively predicted inhibition, and beta to theta power ratio (BTR) during the eyes-open resting state positively predicted planning. However, we did not find any EEG features related to working memory. Our results contributed to the understanding of inter-individual differences in EFs and provided insights into the regulation of corresponding EEG activities through EEG neurofeedback for enhancing children's EFs.

执行功能 (EFs) 在儿童的发展中起着重要作用，但它们的神经机制很少被研究，特别是对于儿童中期 EFs 的不同组成部分。因此，本研究旨在探讨额头皮区静息态脑电图与 7-9 岁儿童 EF 之间的联系。59 名二、三年级正常发育的儿童执行了两项核心 EF 任务，即抑制和工作记忆，以及一项高级 EF 任务，即计划，然后在睁眼和睁眼期间记录 EEG 信号- 关闭的休息状态。结果表明，额叶头皮区域不同的 EEG 活动预测了不同的 EF 成分。更具体地说，在控制了年龄和语言能力之后，睁眼静息状态下的α与θ功率比（ATR）和β与θ功率比（BTR）正预测抑制，睁眼静息状态下的β与θ功率比（BTR）正预测计划。然而，我们没有发现任何与工作记忆相关的脑电图特征。我们的研究结果有助于理解 EFs 的个体差异，并通过 EEG 神经反馈对相应 EEG 活动的调节提供见解，以增强儿童的 EFs。