The agricultural situation in India has gone through several distresses occurring from both natural and socio-politico-economic stressors. Though an emphasis has been given in the country to develop and promote adaptation strategies, it requires precise, comprehensive, and generalized knowledge regarding agricultural risks and vulnerabilities. With this motive, the present study systematically reviews the current state of research on India’s agricultural risk and vulnerabilities (n = 97), its progress, and prospects over the past two decades. The review explicitly focuses on the trends, characteristics, practices, outcomes, and policy significance to broaden the potential course. Results suggest that there are significant spatial, temporal, and thematic differences in agricultural vulnerability and risk researches. Considering the exposures, most of the studies prioritize climate-induced external stressors over the internal ones. Studies are still being practiced traditionally by neglecting the nexus of various physical and socio-politico-economic attributes of agriculture. Consequently, the inherent structural drivers, such as class, caste, gender, and economic disparity, still stimulate agricultural risks and vulnerabilities. Considering the future adversities and the heterogeneity of India’s biophysical and environmental conditions along with diversified socio-politico-economic aspects, we emphasize the process-based systemic, multi-scalar, and multi-stressor agricultural vulnerability and risk research through cohesive theoretical, conceptual, and analytical approaches. Additionally, we developed a combined vulnerability and risk assessment framework, which can generally be applied to any system, including agriculture.

印度的农业形势经历了自然和社会政治经济压力源的几次困扰。尽管该国已着重制定和促进适应战略，但它需要有关农业风险和脆弱性的准确，全面和普遍的知识。出于这一动机，本研究系统地回顾了印度农业风险和脆弱性的研究现状（n= 97），其进展以及过去二十年的前景。审查明确地集中于趋势，特征，做法，成果和政策意义，以拓宽潜在的过程。结果表明，在农业脆弱性和风险研究中存在明显的时空，主题差异。考虑到暴露，大多数研究都将气候引起的外部压力源置于内部压力源之上。传统上仍然通过忽略农业的各种自然和社会政治经济属性来进行研究。因此，内在的结构驱动因素，例如阶级，种姓，性别和经济差异，仍然会刺激农业风险和脆弱性。考虑到印度生物物理和环境条件的未来困境和异质性以及各种社会政治经济方面的因素，我们通过具有凝聚力的理论，概念，方法和方法，强调基于过程的系统，多标量和多压力农业脆弱性和风险研究，和分析方法。此外，我们开发了脆弱性与风险评估相结合的框架，通常可以应用于包括农业在内的任何系统。