In the present study an acidified methanol pistachio hull extract was investigated for antioxidant and inhibitory effects on melanin biosynthesis by in vitro and in vivo assays. The chromatographic analysis revealed that cyanidin-3-O-galactoside represents the main compound (98.37%). The pistachio hull extract efficiently inhibits the mono and diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase (IC₅₀= 141.07 and 116.08 μg/mL, respectively) and it was able, thanks to its strong antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities, to hinder the l-DOPA auto-oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner (125–500 μg/mL). Results of in vivo assay showed that the treatment with pistachio hull extract (10 μg/mL) reduced pigmentation in zebrafish embryos at early stages of development (60.01% of inhibition vs control). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the ripe pistachio hull may be considered as a promising source of antioxidant and skin whitening agents for the development of new products useful in preventing the pigmentation disorders in humans and/or to improve the food quality.

在本研究中，通过体外和体内试验研究了酸化的开心果壳提取物对黑色素生物合成的抗氧化剂和抑制作用。色谱分析表明，花青素-3- O-半乳糖苷为主要化合物（98.37％）。开心果船体提取物有效抑制蘑菇酪氨酸酶的单和二酚的活性（IC ₅₀ = 141.07和116.08  μ克/毫升，分别地）和它能够，由于其很强的抗氧化和自由基清除活性，阻碍升- DOPA自动氧化以浓度依赖的方式（125-500  μ克/毫升）。体内结果实验结果显示，与开心果船体提取物治疗（10  μ克/毫升）在斑马鱼胚胎在发育的早期阶段（抑制的60.01％减少色素沉着VS控制）。总之，这些发现表明，成熟的开心果壳可被视为抗氧化剂和皮肤增白剂的有前途的来源，可用于开发新产品，这些新产品可用于预防人的色素沉着疾病和/或改善食品质量。