Assessing carryover effects from the aquatic to the terrestrial stage of pond-breeding amphibians is critical as temperature and hydrologic regimes of temporary ponds continue to be altered as a result of climate change and other stressors. We evaluated carryover effects of hydroperiod length (50–62 days) on amphibian survival, developmental rates, and locomotor performance using a model organism, the wood frog (Rana sylvatica), through aquatic and terrestrial mesocosm experiments with individual tests of locomotor performance. We found that shorter hydroperiods (50 days) had low larval survival (0.44 ± 0.03) compared to the 62-day hydroperiod (0.91 ± 0.09) and increased developmental rates, resulting in smaller sizes at metamorphosis. We did not find evidence of carryover effects on terrestrial survival three months post-metamorphosis with all hydroperiod treatments showing high terrestrial survival (0.88 ± 0.07). However, post-metamorphic frogs from the longer hydroperiod treatments grew faster and larger compared to individuals from shortest hydroperiods and performed significantly better during endurance trials at 18 °C. Disentangling complex carryover effects across multiple life stages in species with high phenotypic plasticity can shed light on the physiological capacity of species to respond to changing environments and inform mechanistic predictions of persistence in the face of anthropogenic stressors.

评估池塘繁殖两栖动物从水生到陆生阶段的残留影响至关重要，因为由于气候变化和其他压力因素，临时池塘的温度和水文状况不断发生变化。我们评估结转使用模式生物的生存的两栖动物，发育率，以及运动表现hydroperiod长度（50-62天）的影响，木蛙（林蛙sylvatica），通过水上和陆上的介观实验以及运动能力的个别测试。我们发现较短的水期（50天）与62天的水期（0.91±0.09）相比，幼虫存活率低（0.44±0.03），并且发育速度加快，导致变态时的体型较小。我们没有找到证据证明变态后三个月的残留对陆地生存有影响，所有水周期治疗均显示出较高的陆地生存（0.88±0.07）。然而，与来自最短水文期的个体相比，来自更长水文期处理的变态后青蛙生长得更快，更大，并且在18°C的耐力试验中表现出明显更好的表现。