Abstract

Socioeconomic reforms in agrarian sector together with climate changes induce spatial changes in the anthropogenic factors of agricultural soil erosion and soil erosion patterns in the Asian part of Russia. Comparison of pre- and post-reform quantitative parameters of erosion rate and soil loss from arable slopes was performed using logical-mathematical erosion models for different administrative regions of the Asian part of Russia. Significant spatially-differentiated decrease in the annual soil loss from arable slopes was revealed in most of the administrative regions, except for the Altai krai and Amur oblast. On the arable lands of other administrative regions, the decrease in the annual soil loss varied within 25–50% of the soil loss in 1960–1990. The maximum decrease was observed in arid landscapes of the republics of Tyva and Buryatia and in the Zabaykalsky (Transbaikal) krai (–73–93%). Spatial changes in the rate of erosion are less prominent on currently cultivated land; a significant growth in the rate of agricultural soil erosion has taken place in the Far East economic region. The main driver of the post-reform dynamics of agricultural erosion was the countrywide decrease of cropland area and the change in the soil-protecting capacity of agrocenoses.

中文翻译：

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西伯利亚和远东地区农业土壤侵蚀的动态

摘要

农业部门的社会经济改革以及气候变化导致了俄罗斯亚洲部分农业土壤侵蚀的人为因素和土壤侵蚀方式的空间变化。使用逻辑数学侵蚀模型对俄罗斯亚洲部分不同行政区域的改革前后土壤坡度侵蚀速率和土壤流失的定量参数进行了比较。除阿尔泰边疆区和阿穆尔州外，大部分行政区域的耕地坡度年土壤流失量在空间上都有明显的减少。在其他行政区域的耕地上，每年土壤流失的减少幅度在1960-1990年土壤流失的25-50％之间。在蒂瓦和布里亚特共和国的干旱地区以及在Zabaykalsky（Transbaikal）克拉伊（–73–93％）的干旱景观中观察到了最大的减少。在目前的耕地上，侵蚀速率的空间变化不太明显；远东经济区的农业土壤侵蚀速度显着增加。改革后农业侵蚀动态的主要驱动力是全国耕地面积的减少以及农作物的土壤保护能力的变化。