Abstract

The influence of long-term application of organic and mineral fertilizers on the changes of soddy-podzolic soil (Glossic Retisol (Loamic, Aric)) properties was studied. These were: organic carbon content, available nitrogen and phosphorus, and soil exchange complex. The studies were carried out in one-meter soil layer in a long-lasting stationary experiment established in the Perm region in 1976. It was determined that mineral fertilizer use during five rotation cycles of the seven-course crop rotation increased significantly the contents of hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus; the 1.2–2.6 times increase in comparison with control was found for the whole profile. hydrolyzed nitrogen pool increased in the plow layer from 0.3 to 0.4 t/ha, in one meter-thick layer – from 1.3 to 1.6 t/ha, that of available phosphorus – from 0.3 to 0.8 t/ha and 3.1 to 4.8 t/ha, respectively. The increase of organic matter content was found only for 20–40 cm layer. The systematic application of mineral fertilizers promoted a significant decrease of actual and total acidity throughout the whole profile. Cattle manure application (5.7 t/ha) resulted in the improvement of soil exchange complex parameters: an increase in base saturation to a depth of 60 cm. Hydrolyzable and mineral nitrogen contents increased as well as phosphate mobility in the upper soil layer (0–20 cm), the organic carbon content increased insignificantly. Only the combined application of cattle manure and mineral fertilizers increased significantly the content of organic matter in the soil by 1.2–1.6 times in the upper and underlying layers, and provided the recovery of its initial content. Organic carbon pool increased from 28.3 to 32.2 t/ha in the 0–20 cm layer and from 71.5 to 81.8 t/ha in one-meter layer. Cattle manure application reduced the negative effect of mineral fertilizers on soil acidity.

中文翻译：

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长期施用化肥影响下水田土壤农药化学性质的变化

摘要

研究了长期施用有机肥和矿物肥料对土壤水滑性土壤的变化的影响（Glossic Retisol（Loamic，Aric））。它们是：有机碳含量，可利用的氮和磷以及土壤交换复合物。这项研究是在1976年在彼尔姆地区建立的一项持久的固定实验中在一米厚的土壤层中进行的。确定了在七个过程的农作物轮作的五个轮作周期中使用的矿物肥料显着增加了水解物的含量。氮和有效磷；在整个配置文件中，与对照组相比，增加了1.2-2.6倍。耕层的水解氮池从0.3吨/公顷增加到0.4吨/公顷，一米厚的层-从1.3吨/公顷增加到可用磷的层-从0.3吨增加到0公顷。分别为8吨/公顷和3.1至4.8吨/公顷。仅在20–40 cm的层中发现了有机物含量的增加。矿物肥料的系统应用促进了整个剖面中实际酸度和总酸度的显着降低。牛粪施用量（5.7吨/公顷）改善了土壤交换复杂参数：将基础饱和度增加到60 cm的深度。上部土壤层（0–20 cm）中的可水解氮和矿质氮含量增加，磷酸盐迁移率增加，有机碳含量增加不明显。只有牛粪和矿物肥料的组合施用，才能使上层和下层的土壤有机质含量显着增加1.2-1.6倍，并能恢复其初始含量。有机碳库从28增加。在0-20厘米的层中为3至32.2吨/公顷，在一米的层中为71.5至81.8吨/公顷。牛粪的施用减少了矿物肥料对土壤酸度的负面影响。