The availability of clean water and energy scarcity are rising issues in the context of rising population and industrialization, calling for advanced methods of remediation and energy production. Here, layered double hydroxides, as anionic clays, can be used and engineered as adsorbents or catalysts. Layered double hydroxides are generally highly stable, safe and recyclable. They can be filled with nanomaterials to form composites of enhanced performance. Here, we review fundamentals of layered double hydroxides, synthetic protocols, and applications to energy storage, dye degradation, organic pollutant degradation, water treatment, photoelectrochemical water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. Composites appear competitive in terms of low-cost, tunable band-gaps and high electrical conductivity.

在人口增加和工业化的背景下，清洁水的可获得性和能源稀缺是日益严重的问题，需要先进的补救方法和能源生产方法。在此，可以使用作为阴离子粘土的层状双氢氧化物并将其工程化为吸附剂或催化剂。层状双氢氧化物通常高度稳定，安全且可回收。它们可以填充纳米材料以形成性能增强的复合材料。在这里，我们回顾了层状双氢氧化物的基本原理，合成方案及其在能量存储，染料降解，有机污染物降解，水处理，光电化学水分解和二氧化碳还原中的应用。复合材料在低成本，可调带隙和高电导率方面表现出竞争力。