:This article examines the Supreme Court’s role in the development of federal conscientious objector policy in the twentieth century. Focusing on two key periods—the three years following the end of World War II, and the era of the Vietnam War—I argue that the policy’s evolution was more complex than previous studies have indicated, and that the Court’s changing attitudes toward conscientious objection can be traced to the justices’ increasing but irresolute concern for civil liberties. By the early 1970s, the Court was interpreting federal statutes much more broadly than Congress ever intended, but the justices remained divided over just how broad those interpretations should be. While the end of the draft rendered the question of compulsory military service moot, the Court’s failure to arrive at a clear position on conscientious objection has had lasting implications on other issues.

中文翻译：

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“战争权力不是空白支票”：最高法院和良心反对，1917-1973

: 本文考察了最高法院在 20 世纪联邦良心拒服兵役政策发展中的作用。着眼于两个关键时期——二战结束后的三年和越南战争时期——我认为该政策的演变比以前的研究表明的更为复杂，法院对依良心拒服兵役的态度转变可以可以追溯到大法官对公民自由的日益增加但犹豫不决的关注。到 1970 年代初，法院对联邦法规的解释范围远远超出了国会的预期，但大法官们在这些解释的范围应有多大问题上仍存在分歧。虽然草案的结尾使义务兵役问题变得毫无意义，