:Scholars of social policy development in the United States and elsewhere have recently focused on the historical and contemporary importance of complex, delegated welfare state governance. In this article, I outline the emergence of a coordinated urban welfare state in the city of Toronto between 1870 and 1929, describing the creation of both public and private forms of coordination and centralization. I argue that we must understand social policy development in this period as resulting from the interaction of three policy coalitions: municipal traditionalists, municipal progressives, and social work professionals, and that social policy centralization occurred as a result of an alliance between municipal progressives and social work professionals. To explain the long-term development of social policy in Canada and elsewhere, I argue, we must understand the interaction among these internal coalitions in the social policy field and the ways that broader fiscal and cultural changes strengthened or weakened each coalition over time.

中文翻译：

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走向授权：多伦多的社会政策集中化，1870-1929

: 美国和其他地方的社会政策发展学者最近关注了复杂的、授权的福利国家治理的历史和当代重要性。在这篇文章中，我概述了 1870 年至 1929 年间多伦多市协调的城市福利国家的出现，描述了公共和私人形式的协调和集中化的创建。我认为，我们必须将这一时期的社会政策发展理解为三个政策联盟相互作用的结果：市政传统主义者、市政进步主义者和社会工作专业人士，并且社会政策集权是市政进步主义者和社会工作联盟的结果。工作专业人士。为了解释加拿大和其他地方社会政策的长期发展，我认为，