This essay develops three central points: Buddhist economics (BE), like most religion‐based economics, is not only an extrapolation from the basic texts but is also how BE has recently been practiced. Examples of that practice include the application of the concept of “Gross National Happiness” in Bhutan, the implementation of a “sufficiency economy” in Thailand, and action based on the principle of the Unification of King and People in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. BE as a concept comes originally from an outside understanding of Buddhism that entails perspectives that text‐based BE might not have. Buddhism, as such, is at odds with standard textbook economics (STE). BE thus potentially forms its own economic paradigm, but BE as practiced often coexists with STE. Discussing these points will hopefully result in seeing that there is considerable diversity within BE and that there is such a thing as real, existing BE that truly does matter.

中文翻译：

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佛教经济学的现实性与多样性

本文提出了三个中心点：与大多数基于宗教的经济学一样，佛教经济学（BE）不仅是基础文本的推论，而且还是最近实践的基础。这种做法的例子包括在不丹实施“国民幸福总值”概念，在泰国实施“自给自足经济”以及在印度尼西亚日惹以国王与人民统一的原则为基础的行动。BE作为一个概念最初来自外部对佛教的理解，其中包含了基于文本的BE可能没有的观点。佛教本身与标准教科书经济学（STE）不符。因此，BE可能会形成自己的经济范式，但是BE常常与STE共存。