Upon hearing the sentence Messi, who once scored a goal with his hand, won the Ballon d’Or, the addressee is likely to interpret the main clause as conveying the “main point” and view the appositive relative clause as contributing secondary information. The intuition that some part of the utterance conveys the main point has recently been discussed in formal semantics and pragmatics under the label of “at-issueness”. However, this label has been used in a variety of ways and there is often little clarity as to what is meant by it. This survey tries to clear things up by identifying and spelling out three specific notions of at-issueness, i.e. Q(uestion)-atissueness, P(roposal)-at-issueness, and C(oherence)-at-issueness. After looking into what they say about similar kinds of data, I conclude that while these notions appear to capture facets of the same broad intuition, they are truly distinct. The paper also discusses potential connections of at-issueness to projection and commitment strength.

中文翻译：

---

问题的概念

听到曾经用一只手打入一球的梅西一句话赢得了金球奖之后，收件人可能会将主句解释为传达“要点”，而将对等的相对从句视为辅助信息。最近，在形式语义学和语用学上以“原发性”为标签讨论了话语的某些部分传达了重点的直觉。但是，该标签已经以多种方式使用，并且通常对其含义几乎一无所知。这项调查试图通过识别和拼写出三个特定的概念来澄清问题，即Q（上位）-问题，P（目标）-问题和C（职业）。在研究了他们对类似数据的看法之后，我得出的结论是，尽管这些概念似乎捕捉到了同样广泛的直觉，但它们确实是截然不同的。本文还讨论了问题初发与预测和承诺强度之间的潜在联系。