For virtually as long as linguists have studied contact‐induced grammatical change, the borrowing of morphological formatives and patterns has been considered a relatively infrequent phenomenon—a view which is reflected in all well‐known borrowability scales. Yet all those scales have been constructed from limited data sets, thus producing rather intuitive generalizations, for example, that inflection is more resistant to borrowing than derivation. In reality, we do not have a precise idea of the global extent of the phenomenon. In particular, the borrowing of compounding techniques is a virtually uninvestigated topic. In recent years, linguists have more intensively pursued a line of research that identifies in the study of contact‐induced change a source of evidence for the theory of grammar and aims to show that different degrees of borrowability reflect fine‐grained distinctions between subcomponents of morphology. The ever‐growing availability of comprehensive grammars and detailed case studies has supplied an adequate empirical basis to reach this goal.

中文翻译：

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论形态学借用

实际上，只要语言学家研究了接触引起的语法变化，就一直认为借用形态形成和模式是一种相对罕见的现象，这一观点在所有众所周知的借用量表中都得到了反映。然而，所有这些量表都是由有限的数据集构建而成的，因此产生了相当直观的概括，例如，相比于推导，拐点更能抵抗借贷。实际上，我们对现象的全球范围没有确切的认识。特别是，借用复合技术实际上是一个尚未研究的话题。最近几年，语言学家更深入地进行了一系列研究，该研究在接触诱发变化的研究中确定了语法理论的证据来源，并旨在表明不同程度的可借用性反映了形态学子成分之间的细粒度区别。全面语法和详细案例研究的不断增长为实现该目标提供了足够的经验基础。