Although online hate has become a phenomenon in online interaction, we do not know how the quality of online social relations is linked to the risk of being a target of hostile behavior online. In this article, we examine how cognitive social capital online (i.e., trust and sense of belonging) is associated with the risk of being a victim of online hate by utilizing cross‐national data collected in 2013–14 among American (n = 1,033), British (n = 999), German (n = 978), and Finnish (n = 555) adolescents and young adults (aged 15–30). We find online cognitive social capital to be associated with online hate victimization in all samples, even after controlling for social capital offline, size of offline and online social networks, social networking site activity, offline victimization experiences, age, and gender. The form of this relationship varied between our samples; in the American and German samples we found a linear relationship between online cognitive social capital and online hate victimization, whereas in the British and Finnish samples, we found a more complex association. However, in general, high cognitive social capital was related to a heightened risk of becoming a victim of online hate.

中文翻译：

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社会资本如何与网上仇恨的受害者联系起来？来自美国，英国，德国和芬兰的调查证据

尽管在线仇恨已成为在线互动中的一种现象，但我们仍不知道在线社会关系的质量如何与成为在线敌对行为目标的风险有关。在本文中，我们通过利用2013-14年度美国人中的跨国数据（n  = 1,033）来研究在线认知社会资本（即信任和归属感）与成为在线仇恨受害者的风险之间的关系。，英国（n  = 999），德国（n  = 978）和芬兰（n = 555）青少年和年轻人（15至30岁）。我们发现，即使在控制了离线社会资本，离线和在线社交网络的规模，社交网站活动，离线受害经历，年龄和性别之后，所有样本中的在线认知社会资本都与在线仇恨受害相关。在我们的样本之间，这种关系的形式各不相同；在美国和德国的样本中，我们发现在线认知社会资本与在线仇恨受害之间存在线性关系，而在英国和芬兰的样本中，我们发现了更为复杂的关联。但是，总的来说，较高的认知社会资本与增加成为网络仇恨受害者的风险有关。