The literature examining use of online counter narratives to divert potential extremists from a path of violence highlights the importance of messenger credibility, interactive approaches, and the shaping of broader network contexts. However, counter‐narrative efforts have often failed to integrate these insights fully into their digital campaigns. After reviewing several prominent counter‐narrative initiatives in the United Kingdom and United States, this article highlights lessons from offline efforts to counter violent extremism (CVE) that can be used to inform counter‐narrative efforts online. First, CVE efforts benefit from using a networked approach where a range of individuals highly connected in their respective social networks are used to disseminate counter narratives. Second, interactive, interpersonal messaging techniques help to remove obstacles to participation in CVE efforts. Third, counter‐extremism messages and narratives are often better received when they relate to broader community concerns and priorities, rather than focusing exclusively on terrorism or violent extremism. Common challenges faced by both offline and online CVE are outlined, and the important synergies between these efforts examined.

中文翻译：

---

在线反暴力极端主义叙述：离线反暴力极端主义的经验教训

审查使用在线反叙词将潜在极端分子从暴力路径转移出去的文献强调了信使信誉，交互方法以及更广泛的网络环境的塑造的重要性。但是，反叙事的努力常常未能将这些见解完全整合到他们的数字营销活动中。在回顾了英国和美国的一些著名的反叙事倡议之后，本文重点介绍了离线反暴力极端主义（CVE）努力的经验教训，这些经验教训可用于在线反叙事。首先，CVE的努力得益于使用网络方法，在该方法中，使用了在各自社交网络中高度联系的一系列个人来传播反叙事。第二，互动 人际交往技术有助于消除参与CVE努力的障碍。第三，反极端主义的信息和叙述通常与社区的广泛关注和优先事项相关，而不是仅仅关注恐怖主义或暴力极端主义，因此往往会得到更好的理解。概述了脱机和在线CVE面临的共同挑战，并考察了这些努力之间的重要协同作用。