In recent years,study ofdevelopment (FD) has progressed significantly, such that it has become an emerging discipline with an extensive body of literature, with a primary focus regarding FD effectiveness across disciplines.review of review studies was conducted to systematically synthesize the findings of 14studies on FD, published between 1990 and.main purpose of this review study was to investigate the current FD literature, concentrating on the identificationFD activities, evaluation methods, outcomes, and influential factors.findings indicate that a large number of review studiesconducted inand medical field, focusing primarily on teaching improvement, used aliterature review method and applied Kirkpatrick's evaluation taxonomy to assess FD outcomes. The most common FD outcomes involved changes in faculty members’ knowledge, skills, and behavior.on the findings, we developed a conceptual framework for FD, centering on FD effectiveness. These findings and the conceptual framework would contribute tofoundation for the enhancement of FD research and practices.

中文翻译：

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教师发展：评论研究的系统综述

近年来，发展研究（FD）取得了长足的发展，已成为一门新兴的学科，文献广泛，主要侧重于跨学科的FD有效性。 14份关于FD的研究，发表于1990年至2002年之间。本综述研究的主要目的是研究当前的FD文献，着重于FD的鉴定，评价方法，结果和影响因素。研究结果表明，大量的综述研究在医学领域进行了，主要侧重于教学改进，使用文献综述方法，并应用柯克帕特里克（Kirkpatrick）的评估分类法来评估FD结果。最常见的FD结果涉及教师知识，技能，在调查结果上，我们以FD的有效性为中心，开发了FD的概念框架。这些发现和概念框架将为加强FD研究和实践奠定基础。