It is well established that intergroup contact is associated with more positive intergroup attitudes. Associations between intergroup contact and active outcomes more closely tied to social change are less reliable. Whereas some research demonstrates that intergroup contact can promote social change, other research paradoxically demonstrates that intergroup contact can undermine social change. We review the literature with the goal of explaining this apparent paradox. We present a model for understanding when intergroup contact can contribute positively to active outcomes while still predicting positive intergroup attitudes. Specifically, upon reaching a contact threshold whereby outgroup members are viewed as potential friends, having cross‐group friendship that involves recognition of group differences and condemnation of group inequality may promote positive intergroup attitudes as well as positive intergroup behavior, policy support, and collective action aimed at reducing group inequality. We propose that a cross‐group friendship involving these qualities will promote ambivalence toward the advantaged group, which will be beneficial in terms of social change related outcomes. It is critical for future research to examine the conditions under which cross‐group friendships involving these qualities are formed and maintained.

中文翻译：

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将团体间联系的好处扩展到态度之外：团体间联系何时可以预测更大的集体行动支持？

众所周知，群体间的联系与更积极的群体间态度有关。团体间接触与更积极地与社会变革紧密联系的积极结果之间的关联不太可靠。尽管一些研究表明群体间的联系可以促进社会变革，但另一些研究却矛盾地表明群体间的联系可以破坏社会变革。我们复习文献，以解释这种明显的悖论。我们提出了一个模型，用于理解小组间的联系何时可以对积极的成果做出积极贡献，同时仍能预测小组间的积极态度。具体来说，在达到联系阈值时，将外来成员视为潜在的朋友，拥有承认群体差异和谴责群体不平等的跨群体友谊可能会促进积极的群体间态度以及积极的群体间行为，政策支持和旨在减少群体不平等的集体行动。我们建议，涉及这些特质的跨群体友谊将促进对优势群体的矛盾情绪，这在与社会变革相关的结果方面将是有益的。对于未来的研究而言，至关重要的是要研究形成和维持涉及这些特质的跨群体友谊的条件。我们建议，涉及这些特质的跨群体友谊将促进对优势群体的矛盾情绪，这在与社会变革相关的结果方面将是有益的。对于未来的研究而言，至关重要的是要研究形成和维持涉及这些特质的跨群体友谊的条件。我们建议，涉及这些特质的跨群体友谊将促进对优势群体的矛盾情绪，这在与社会变革相关的结果方面将是有益的。对于未来的研究而言，至关重要的是要研究形成和维持涉及这些特质的跨群体友谊的条件。