This study is among the first to explore the relationship between unionization and firms' productivity, defined as sales per employee, and profitability per employee in India. The Indian context is important given the structural changes in Indian economy post‐1991 (liberalization and movement from dirigisme to an open economy), the unique sociocultural context of Indian unions and growth and size of economy. The final dataset of the study consisted of 91 largest firms listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange in India. The data were collected from audited annual reports and analyzed using a modified Cobb–Douglas function. It was found that the degree of unionization, which is percentage of employees who were member of a trade union, had an overall positive impact on the firms' productivity. Contrary to the dominant view of private sector firms being more productive, we found empirical evidence for the effect of unionization on productivity being greater for public sector firms.

中文翻译：

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探索印度上市公司的工会化程度与公司生产率之间的关系

这项研究是最早探索工会与公司生产率之间关系的研究，该关系定义为印度的每位员工的销售额和每位员工的利润率。鉴于1991年后印度经济的结构性变化（自由化和从民主主义向开放经济的转变），印度工会独特的社会文化背景以及经济的增长和规模，印度的环境非常重要。该研究的最终数据集由印度孟买证券交易所上市的91家最大公司组成。数据是从经审计的年度报告中收集的，并使用改进的Cobb–Douglas函数进行了分析。研究发现，工会化程度（即加入工会的雇员所占的百分比）对公司的生产率产生了总体的积极影响。