The term “disaster capitalism,” launched in 2005 by activist journalist Naomi Klein, still has resonance within social movement circles. Yet its proliferation in media and social movements risks a confusion and weakening of the core concept and critiques. As anthropologists who value local communities' understanding of their own social world, how do we confront such a concept? What are our roles, both in clarifying and understanding the concept? More importantly, what is and should be our praxis, our responses to stemming the worst abuses of disaster capitalism? This chapter presents a sketch of a definition and model for disaster capitalism, followed by examples from ethnographic work on the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and the 2010 British Petroleum (BP) Deepwater Horizon Oil Disaster in the Gulf of Mexico to illustrate the phenomenon of disaster capitalism in practice. We follow this with discussions of the limitations of the disaster capitalism concept and the roles of anthropologists in confronting the issue.

中文翻译：

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灾难资本主义

激进记者纳奥米·克莱因（Naomi Klein）于2005年提出的“灾难资本主义”一词在社会运动界仍引起共鸣。然而，它在媒体和社会运动中的扩散却可能使核心概念和批评产生混乱和削弱。作为重视地方社区对自己的社会世界理解的人类学家，我们如何面对这种概念？我们在澄清和理解这一概念中起什么作用？更重要的是，我们对遏制最严重的灾难性资本主义滥用行为的反应是什么，并且应该是我们的实践？本章概述了灾难资本主义的定义和模型，接下来是从有关2010年海地地震和2010年英国石油（BP）墨西哥湾深水地平线石油灾难的人种志研究工作中获得的实例，以说明实践中的灾难资本主义现象。在此之后，我们讨论了灾难资本主义概念的局限性以及人类学家在应对这一问题方面的作用。