Anthropologists have long considered how people create and perceive the value of goods and services. While valuation of nature as a commodity is one means of conservation, locally resonant values of nature may not follow market logic. We apply the ecosystem services valuation (ESV) framework to four major urban river ecosystems (Australia, New Zealand, United States, and United Kingdom) to compare and contrast value (the alienable goods that are readily commodified and monetized) and values (the inalienable goods and rights that defy easy comparability and recognition). In interviews, respondents (N = 283) living near the rivers described the local river‐associated ecosystem services (ES) they experienced. Thematic content analysis of coded interview data showed that respondents in all four sites recognize ES in their local areas related to rivers, and these resonate with the value‐oriented ESV frameworks. While the ESV framework offers a way for scholars and policymakers to easily compare the monetary value of ES, our results indicate that rivers have locally ascribed value that defies easy commodification. In particular, our work highlights the local importance of priceless, inalienable values perceived to be conferred across ES and not just restricted to cultural services.

中文翻译：

---

生态系统服务的估值是否反映了当地文化的估值？四种主要城市河流生态系统中居民视角的比较分析

人类学家长期以来一直在思考人们如何创造和感知商品和服务的价值。虽然将自然价值作为一种商品进行估价是一种保护手段，但自然界在当地产生的共鸣价值可能并不遵循市场逻辑。我们将生态系统服务评估（ESV）框架应用于四个主要城市河流生态系统（澳大利亚，新西兰，美国和英国），以比较和对比价值（易于商品化和货币化的可转让商品）和价值（不可剥夺的商品）违反可比性和认可性的商品和权利）。在访谈中，居住在河流附近的受访者（N = 283）描述了他们所经历的当地与河流相关的生态系统服务（ES）。对编码的访谈数据进行主题内容分析后发现，所有四个地点的受访者都认可其所在地区与河流有关的生态系统，这些与以价值为导向的ESV框架产生了共鸣。尽管ESV框架为学者和政策制定者提供了一种轻松比较ES货币价值的方式，但我们的结果表明，河流具有当地归属的价值，无法轻易商品化。特别是，我们的工作强调了在ES中被赋予的无价，不可剥夺的价值在当地的重要性，而不仅限于文化服务。