As a non‐state actor that claims its own territory, the “Islamic State” utilizes a spectrum of very different kinds of coercion and violence. Considering the group's aspirations to govern the territories controlled by it, any clear distinction between uses of force and coercion that states typically claim as their legitimate right, and implement terrorist non‐state violence, tends to blur right before our analytically‐focused eyes. This contribution discusses how the group challenges the distinction between “terror from above” and “terrorism from below” as well as the meaning of the dual character of Daesh's belief system between the ideological and the religious for Daesh's repertoire of violence.

中文翻译：

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恐怖还是恐怖主义？国家与非国家暴力之间的“伊斯兰国家”

作为拥有自己领土的非国家行为者，“伊斯兰国”利用各种各样的胁迫和暴力手段。考虑到该组织控制其所控制领土的愿望，在国家通常声称是其合法权利与实施恐怖主义非国家暴力之间使用武力和胁迫之间的任何明显区别，往往在我们的分析重点面前就变得模糊了。这篇文章讨论了该团体如何挑战“上方恐怖”与“下方恐怖”之间的区别，以及达伊什的信仰体系在达伊沙的暴力剧目中在意识形态和宗教之间的双重特征的含义。