Although thinking double thoughts and living dual lives are not specifically Iranian traits, Iranians have, nevertheless, become more susceptible to them for historical reasons, which may be traced back to when Persians became Muslims. The gradual normalization of double‐thinking over the centuries has given rise to social and political patterns of behavior and institutional arrangements which oscillate between opposing regimes of truths and different sets of ethical concerns, often without merging them into a new process. Once double‐thinking is normalized at the level of society, it helps people to cope with the cognitive dissonance they experience in circumstances where it is difficult to change attitude and behavior. It also affects the organization of society by making contradictory arrangements appear normal. It promotes reflexive thinking and subversive action as much as it facilitates misrecognition of sociopolitical suppression and legitimization of symbolic violence. This state of affairs generates a form of modernity which appears, at least on the surface, to be comfortable with contradictory social arrangements, while deep down it remains ill at ease with its inner contradictions.

中文翻译：

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伊朗法律和社会的双重思考和矛盾安排

虽然双重思想和双重生活并不是伊朗人特有的特征，但由于历史原因，伊朗人变得更容易受到影响，这可以追溯到波斯人成为穆斯林的时候。几个世纪以来，双重思维的逐渐正常化导致了社会和政治行为模式和制度安排，它们在对立的真理制度和不同的伦理问题之间摇摆不定，往往没有将它们合并成一个新的过程。一旦双重思维在社会层面正常化，它有助于人们应对他们在难以改变态度和行为的情况下所经历的认知失调。它还通过使矛盾的安排显得正常而影响社会的组织。它促进了反思性思维和颠覆性行动，同时也促进了对社会政治压制和象征性暴力合法化的误认。这种事态产生了一种现代性形式，至少在表面上，它似乎对矛盾的社会安排感到满意，而在内心深处，它仍然对其内在的矛盾感到不安。