This article genealogically traces the historical development of democracy in Egypt and the military and Islamists’ involvement in politics since the British occupation in Egypt in 1882, following the semi‐independence in 1922, through the 1952 revolution, and up to the revolutionary waves of the Arab Spring of January 25, 2011 and June 30, 2013. In this article, the author provides perceptual and analytical insight into the outcome of the Arab Spring of 2011 within the complicated realities of Egypt's politics during the transition to democracy, where the military and Islamists are competing to retain power in order to shape Egypt's future. The author argues that it is too early to make a judgmental argument that the transition to democracy has failed since the process of democratization is long and not linear, with periods of political trajectories while adapting in response to national, regional, and international events, dynamics, and forces. The research concludes that the coping models of democracy from outside of the Egyptian context may not work. Egypt should develop its own model of democracy based on an all stakeholders consensus accompanied by an incremental process of demilitarizing and desecuritizing the nation.

中文翻译：

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阿拉伯之春后埃及以军事主导的向民主过渡的平衡法

本文从谱系上追溯了自1882年英国占领埃及以来，埃及的民主制度的历史发展以及军事和伊斯兰主义者自从1882年英国独立于1922年半独立，直到1952年革命以及埃及的革命浪潮以来的政治参与。 2011年1月25日和2013年6月30日的阿拉伯之春。在本文中，作者提供了对2011年阿拉伯之春的成果的感知和分析见解，在埃及向民主过渡的政治复杂现实中，军队和伊斯兰主义者正在争夺保留权力以塑造埃及的未来。作者认为，做出判断性论断为时过早，因为民主化进程漫长且不线性，因此向民主的过渡失败了，具有政治轨迹的时期，同时适应国家，地区和国际事件，动态和力量。研究得出的结论是，埃及境外的民主应对模式可能行不通。埃及应在所有利益相关者达成共识的基础上，发展逐步实现非军事化和国家安全化的进程，从而发展自己的民主模式。