A gynandromorph is an organism combining both female- and male-type tissues. While the vast majority of studies have described the morphology of gynandromorphs, their sexual behaviours remain under-explored. We studied a predominantly bilateral gynandromorph specimen of the predatory wasp Discoelius dufourii (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Zethinae) reared from a trap-nest. In addition to describing the morphology, we explored the gynandromorph’s response to a conspecific female, comparing it with the behavioural interactions between normal males and females of D. dufourii and the phylogenetically related D. zonalis. For most specific behavioural elements, males of both Discoelius species exhibited a greater frequency and a higher probability of occurrences of the behaviour than did females. However, aggression and plopping behaviours were prevalent in females. The gynandromorphic specimen demonstrated behavioural activities similar to those of a male, including a relatively frequent mate body antennation and an attempt to mount a female. However, it approached the female less frequently in comparison to conspecific normal males, and it did not demonstrate substrate antennation and jumping, typical of Discoelius male mating behaviour. Based on the parameters of the nest cell, the probability of the development of the gynandromorphic specimen from an unfertilized (male) egg was higher than the probability of development from a fertilized (female) egg.

中文翻译：

---

Discoelius dufourii（膜翅目，维斯皮科，Zethinae）的双侧陀螺：形态和交配行为

gyndromorph是一种结合了雌性和雄性组织的生物。尽管绝大多数研究都描述了绞股蓝的形态，但其性行为仍未得到充分研究。我们研究了从陷阱巢饲养的掠食性黄蜂Discoelius dufourii（膜翅目：Vespidae：Zethinae）的主要双侧雌雄同体标本。除了描述形态外，我们还研究了绞股蓝对同种雌性的反应，并将其与杜氏白线虫的正常雄性和雌性以及系统发育相关的地松D. zonalis之间的行为相互作用进行了比较。对于大多数特定的行为元素，两种迪斯科利乌斯物种的雄性都比雌性表现出更高的频率和更高的发生概率。然而，侵略性和排便行为在女性中普遍存在。陀螺样标本显示出与雄性相似的行为活动，包括相对频繁的伴侣体触角和试图登载雌性的尝试。然而，与同种正常雄性相比，它接近雌性的频率更低，并且没有表现出Discoelius雄性交配行为的典型基质触角和跳跃。根据巢细胞的参数，从未受精（雄性）卵发育回雌雄同体标本的可能性高于从受精（雌性）卵发育成雌性生殖的标本。与同种正常雄性相比，它接近雌性的频率更低，并且没有表现出迪斯科利乌斯雄性交配行为的典型基质触角和跳跃。根据巢细胞的参数，从未受精（雄性）卵发育回雌雄同体标本的可能性高于从受精（雌性）卵发育成雌性生殖的标本。与同种正常雄性相比，它接近雌性的频率更低，并且没有表现出迪斯科利乌斯雄性交配行为的典型基质触角和跳跃。根据巢细胞的参数，从未受精（雄性）卵发育回雌雄同体标本的可能性高于从受精（雌性）卵发育成雌性生殖的标本。