Multimodal exercise training (MT) as a time-efficient training modality promotes a wide range of physical dimensions. Incorporating agility-like training aspects (coordination, changes of direction and velocity) into MT may further enhance physical outcomes highly relevant for activities of daily living. This meta-analysis investigated the effects of multimodal agility-like exercise training (MAT) on physical and cognitive performance compared to inactive (IC) and active controls (AC) in older adults. Literature search was conducted in four health-related databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science). Randomized controlled trials with pre-post testing applying MAT (including aspects of training with at least two different traditional domains: strength, balance, endurance) and an agility-like component in community-dwelling older adults were screened for eligibility. Standardized mean differences (SMD) adjusting for small sample sizes (hedges’ g) were used to extract main outcomes (strength, gait, balance, mobility, endurance, cognition). Statistical analysis was conducted using a random effects inverse-variance model. Twenty trials with 1632 older adults were included. All effects were significantly in favour of MAT compared to IC: Strength, mobility and endurance revealed large overall effects (SMD: 0.88, 0.84, 1.82). Balance showed moderate effects (SMD: 0.6). Small overall effects were observed for gait (SMD: 0.41). Few data were available to compare MAT vs. AC with negligible or small effects in favour of MAT. Funnel plots did not reveal clear funnel shapes, indicating a potential risk of bias. MAT may serve as a time-efficient training modality to induce positive effects in different physical domains. Compared to isolated training, MAT allows equal effect sizes at lower overall training volumes. More studies are needed to investigate the potential value of MAT with systematic training and load control, especially compared to other exercise-based interventions.

中文翻译：

---

与非活动性控制和替代训练相比，多模式敏捷性运动训练对老年人身体表现的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析

作为一种省时的训练方式，多式联运训练（MT）促进了广泛的身体尺寸。将类似敏捷性的训练方面（协调性，方向和速度的变化）纳入MT可能会进一步增强与日常生活活动高度相关的身体结果。这项荟萃分析调查了与老年人的非活动（IC）和活动控制（AC）相比，多模式敏捷性运动训练（MAT）对身体和认知表现的影响。在四个与健康相关的数据库（PubMed，SCOPUS，SPORTDiscus和Web of Science）中进行文献检索。应用MAT进行事前测试的随机对照试验（包括在至少两个不同的传统领域中进行训练的方面：力量，平衡，耐力）和社区居住的老年人中类似敏捷性的成分进行了筛选。使用针对小样本量（树篱g）进行调整的标准化均值（SMD）来提取主要结局（强度，步态，平衡，移动性，耐力，认知）。使用随机效应反方差模型进行统计分析。包括对1632名老年人的20个试验。与IC相比，所有效果均显着有利于MAT：强度，活动性和耐力表现出较大的总体效果（SMD：0.88、0.84、1.82）。平衡显示出中等程度的影响（SMD：0.6）。步态的总体影响较小（SMD：0.41）。很少有数据可将MAT与AC进行比较，而对MAT的影响可忽略不计或影响很小。漏斗图未显示清晰的漏斗形状，表明存在潜在的偏差风险。MAT可以作为一种省时的训练方式，在不同的物理领域中产生积极的影响。与单独训练相比，MAT可以在较低的总训练量下达到相同的效果大小。需要进行更多的研究，以系统地训练和控制负荷来研究MAT的潜在价值，尤其是与其他基于运动的干预措施相比。