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Relating Reading, Visualization, and Coding forNew Programmers: A Neuroimaging Study
arXiv - CS - Software Engineering Pub Date : 2021-02-24 , DOI: arxiv-2102.12376
Madeline Endres, Zachary Karas, Xiaosu Hu, Ioulia Kovelman, Westley Weimer

Understanding how novices reason about coding at a neurological level has implications for training the next generation of software engineers. In recent years, medical imaging has been increasingly employed to investigate patterns of neural activity associated with coding activity. However, such studies have focused on advanced undergraduates and professionals. In a human study of 31 participants, we use functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the neural activity associated with introductory programming. In a controlled, contrast-based experiment, we relate brain activity when coding to that of reading natural language or mentally rotating objects (a spatial visualization task). Our primary result is that all three tasks -- coding, prose reading, and mental rotation -- are mentally distinct for novices. However, while those tasks are neurally distinct, we find more significant differences between prose and coding than between mental rotation and coding. Intriguingly, we generally find more activation in areas of the brain associated with spatial ability and task difficulty for novice coding compared to that reported in studies with more expert developers. Finally, in an exploratory analysis, we also find a neural activation pattern predictive of programming performance 11 weeks later. While preliminary, these findings both expand on previous results (e.g., relating expertise to a similarity between coding and prose reading) and also provide a new understanding of the cognitive processes underlying novice programming.

中文翻译:

与新程序员的阅读,可视化和编码相关:神经影像研究

了解新手如何在神经系统水平上进行编码对培训下一代软件工程师有重要意义。近年来,医学成像已越来越多地用于研究与编码活动相关的神经活动的模式。但是,此类研究集中于高级本科生和专业人员。在对31位参与者的人体研究中,我们使用功能性近红外光谱法来测量与入门编程相关的神经活动。在一个基于对照的对照实验中,我们将编码时的大脑活动与阅读自然语言或精神旋转物体(空间可视化任务)相关联。我们的主要结果是,对于初学者来说,这三个任务-编码,散文阅读和心理旋转-在心理上是不同的。然而,尽管这些任务在神经方面是截然不同的,但我们发现散文和编码之间的差异比思维旋转和编码之间的差异更大。有趣的是,与更多专家开发人员进行的研究相比,我们通常发现与新手编码的空间能力和任务难度相关的大脑区域更多的激活。最后,在探索性分析中,我们还发现了11周后可预测编程性能的神经激活模式。虽然初步,但这些发现既扩展了先前的结果(例如,将专业知识与编码和散文阅读之间的相似性相关联),又提供了对新手编程基础的认知过程的新理解。与更多专家开发人员进行的研究相比,我们通常发现与新手编码的空间能力和任务难度相关的大脑区域更多的激活。最后,在探索性分析中,我们还发现了11周后可预测编程性能的神经激活模式。虽然初步,但这些发现既扩展了先前的结果(例如,将专业知识与编码和散文阅读之间的相似性相关联),又提供了对新手编程基础的认知过程的新理解。与更多专家开发人员进行的研究相比,我们通常发现与新手编码的空间能力和任务难度相关的大脑区域更多的激活。最后,在探索性分析中,我们还发现了11周后可预测编程性能的神经激活模式。虽然初步,但这些发现既扩展了先前的结果(例如,将专业知识与编码和散文阅读之间的相似性相关联),又提供了对新手编程基础的认知过程的新理解。我们还发现了11周后可以预测编程性能的神经激活模式。虽然初步,但这些发现既扩展了先前的结果(例如,将专业知识与编码和散文阅读之间的相似性相关联),又提供了对新手编程基础的认知过程的新理解。我们还发现了11周后可以预测编程性能的神经激活模式。虽然初步,但这些发现既扩展了先前的结果(例如,将专业知识与编码和散文阅读之间的相似性相关联),又提供了对新手编程基础的认知过程的新理解。
更新日期:2021-02-25
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