Sperm cryopreservation is a powerful tool for the livestock breeding program. Several technical attempts have been made to enhance the efficiency of spermatozoa cryopreservation in different farm animal species. However, it is well-recognized that mammalian spermatozoa are susceptible to cryo-injury caused by cryopreservation processes. Moreover, the factors leading to cryo-injuries are complicated, and the cryo-damage mechanism has not been methodically explained until now, which directly influences the quality of frozen–thawed spermatozoa. Currently, the various OMICS technologies in sperm cryo-biology have been conducted, particularly proteomics and transcriptomics studies. It has contributed while exploring the molecular alterations caused by cryopreservation, identification of various freezability markers and specific proteins that could be added to semen diluents before cryopreservation to improve sperm cryo-survival. Therefore, understanding the cryo-injury mechanism of spermatozoa is essential for the optimization of current cryopreservation processes. Recently, the application of newly-emerged proteomics and transcriptomics technologies to study the effects of cryopreservation on sperm is becoming a hotspot. This review detailed an updated overview of OMICS elements involved in sperm cryo-tolerance and freeze-thawed quality. While also detailed a mechanism of sperm cryo-injury and utilizing OMICS technology that assesses the sperm freezability potential biomarkers as well as the accurate classification between the excellent and poor freezer breeding candidate.

精子冷冻保存是牲畜育种计划的强大工具。已经进行了一些技术尝试来提高在不同农场动物物种中精子冷冻保存的效率。然而，众所周知，哺乳动物的精子易受冷冻保存过程引起的冷冻伤害。此外，导致冷冻损伤的因素很复杂，并且至今尚未系统地解释冷冻损伤的机理，这直接影响冷冻融化的精子的质量。目前，已经进行了精子冷冻生物学中的各种OMICS技术，特别是蛋白质组学和转录组学研究。它在探索由冷冻保存引起的分子变化方面做出了贡献，冷冻保存前可添加到精液稀释液中的各种可冻结性标记物和特定蛋白质的鉴定，以提高精子的冷冻存活率。因此，了解精子的冷冻损伤机理对于优化当前冷冻保存过程至关重要。近年来，新兴的蛋白质组学和转录组学技术在研究冷冻保存对精子的影响上的应用成为一个热点。这篇综述详细介绍了与精子耐寒性和冻融质量有关的OMICS要素的最新概况。同时还详细介绍了精子冷冻损伤的机制，并利用OMICS技术评估了精子可冷冻性的潜在生物标志物，以及冷冻繁殖优良者与不良冷冻者之间的准确分类。