High-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular markers are widely used to assess the genetic variability of plant varieties and cultivars, which is nowadays recognized as an important source of well-adapted alleles for environmental stresses. In our study, the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of a collection of 265 accessions of eight tetraploid Triticumturgidum L. subspecies were investigated using 35,143 SNPs screened with a 35K Axiom® array. The neighbor-joining algorithm, discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), and the Bayesian model-based clustering algorithm implemented in STRUCTURE software revealed clusters in accordance with the taxonomic classification, reflecting the evolutionary history of the Triticum turgidum L. subspecies and the phylogenetic relationships among them. Based on these results, a clear picture of the population structure within a collection of tetraploid wheats is given herein. Moreover, the genetic potential of landraces and wild relatives for the research of specific traits of interest is highlighted. This research provides a great contribution to future phenotyping and crossing activities. In particular, the recombination efficiency and gene selection programs aimed at developing durum wheat composite cross populations that are adapted to Mediterranean conditions could be improved.

中文翻译：

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地中海和欧洲四倍体小麦（T. turgidum subsp。）地方品种和现代种质的分子多样性，用高密度SNP阵列推断。

高密度单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分子标记广泛用于评估植物品种和栽培品种的遗传变异性，如今已被认为是适应环境胁迫的等位基因的重要来源。在我们的研究中，八个四倍体265个种质收集的遗传多样性和遗传结构小麦圆锥小麦L.亚种使用35143个SNPs与35KAxiom®阵列筛选进行了调查。在STRUCTURE软件中实现的邻居连接算法，主成分判别分析（DAPC）和基于贝叶斯模型的聚类算法揭示了根据分类学分类的聚类，反映了小麦的进化历史。L.亚种及其之间的系统发育关系。基于这些结果，本文给出了四倍体小麦集合中的种群结构的清晰图景。此外，突出了地方品种和野生近缘种在研究特定特征方面的遗传潜力。这项研究为将来的表型和杂交活动做出了巨大的贡献。特别是，可以改善旨在发展适应地中海条件的硬质小麦复合杂交群体的重组效率和基因选择计划。