Interferometers probe the wave-nature and exchange statistics of indistinguishable particles—for example, electrons in the chiral one-dimensional edge channels of the quantum Hall effect (QHE). Quantum point contacts can split and recombine these channels, enabling interference of charged particles. Such quantum Hall interferometers (QHIs) can unveil the exchange statistics of anyonic quasi-particles in the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). Here, we present a fabrication technique for QHIs in van der Waals (vdW) materials and realize a tunable, graphene-based Fabry–Pérot (FP) QHI. The graphite-encapsulated architecture allows observation of FQHE at a magnetic field of 3T and precise partitioning of integer and fractional edge modes. We measure pure Aharonov–Bohm interference in the integer QHE, a major technical challenge in small FP interferometers, and find that edge modes exhibit high-visibility interference due to large velocities. Our results establish vdW heterostructures as a versatile alternative to GaAs-based interferometers for future experiments targeting anyonic quasi-particles.

干涉仪探测不可区分粒子的波性质和交换统计数据——例如，量子霍尔效应 (QHE) 的手性一维边缘通道中的电子。量子点接触可以分裂和重组这些通道，从而实现带电粒子的干扰。这种量子霍尔干涉仪 (QHI) 可以揭示分数量子霍尔效应 (FQHE) 中任意子准粒子的交换统计数据。在这里，我们提出了一种在范德华 (vdW) 材料中制造 QHI 的技术，并实现了一种可调谐的、基于石墨烯的法布里-珀罗 (FP) QHI。石墨封装结构允许在 3T 磁场下观察 FQHE，并精确划分整数和分数边缘模式。我们测量整数 QHE 中的纯 Aharonov–Bohm 干涉，小型 FP 干涉仪的主要技术挑战，并发现边缘模式由于速度大而表现出高可见度干扰。我们的结果确立了 vdW 异质结构作为基于 GaAs 的干涉仪的多功能替代品，用于未来针对任意子准粒子的实验。