ABSTRACT

In order to pressure Israel to withdraw from the lands it took following the 1956 Suez War, the United States made two key commitments. It promised Israel it would open the Straits of Tiran if Egypt reimposed a blockade and that if the blockade nevertheless persisted, Israel would have the right to act on its own to ensure free passage of Israeli ships. When Nasser closed the Straits in 1967, President Johnson reneged on both commitments. LBJ chose not to act to end the blockade and warned Israel not to act alone. The failure to live up to these commitments contributed to the outbreak of the 1967 War, hampered efforts to get Israel to give up the territories it conquered as a result of the war, and reinforced in Israel the conviction that it could not depend on others for its security. Israel and the Middle East would be very different places today if those commitments had been fulfilled.

摘要

为了向以色列施加压力，要求其撤退1956年苏伊士战争后占领的土地，美国做出了两项重要承诺。它承诺，如果埃及再次实行封锁，以色列将开放蒂兰海峡，并且如果该封锁仍然存在，以色列将有权自行采取行动，以确保以色列船只自由通行。1967年，纳赛尔（Nasser）关闭海峡时，约翰逊（Johnson）总统不履行上述两项承诺。LBJ选择不采取行动结束封锁，并警告以色列不要单独采取行动。未能履行这些承诺，助长了1967年战争的爆发，阻碍了使以色列放弃因战争而占领的领土的努力，并在以色列中增强了人们的信念，即它不能依靠其他国家实现战争。它的安全性。