ABSTRACT

Although it is known from epidemiological research that girls are more likely to develop internalizing disorders and boys are more likely to develop externalizing disorders, differences between girls and boys are rarely examined in risk research. This longitudinal study of 356 families identified risk factors for the development of externalizing and internalizing disorders from childhood (age 4) to adolescence (age 14 years). The aim of this study is to examine gender differences in the predication. Mental disorders of boys were overall more predictable than those of girls. Mother’s substance abuse during pregnancy/breastfeeding, mother´s psychopathology and the presence of a mental disorder in the child in kindergarten age were identified as risk factors for internalizing and externalizing disorders in adolescence. There were no significant differences between girls and boys in predicting the individual risk factors. Externalizing disorders were better predicted than internalizing disorders. Early occurrence of mental health problems is important for the development of mental disorders. Further research on gender-specific risk factors is needed.

摘要

尽管从流行病学研究中得知，女孩更容易患内化障碍，而男孩更容易患外化障碍，但在风险研究中很少检查女孩和男孩之间的差异。这项针对 356 个家庭的纵向研究确定了从儿童期（4 岁）到青春期（14 岁）发生外化和内化障碍的风险因素。本研究的目的是检查预测中的性别差异。男孩的精神障碍总体上比女孩更容易预测。母亲在怀孕/哺乳期间的药物滥用、母亲的精神病理学和幼儿园年龄儿童的精神障碍被确定为青春期内化和外化障碍的危险因素。在预测个体危险因素方面，女孩和男孩之间没有显着差异。外化障碍比内化障碍更容易预测。精神健康问题的早期发生对于精神障碍的发展很重要。需要对特定性别的风险因素进行进一步研究。