Different ways of thinking and understanding urban problems and imagining solutions are needed to redress the suite of serious challenges facing cities. Focusing on urban nature, this conceptual paper begins from the standpoint that nature-based solutions (NBS) could help remake cities as places for more than just people; in other words, cities could encourage the flourishing of multiple species and ecosystems, including but not limited to, humans. Although cities were once considered ‘biodiversity wastelands’, they are now recognised as providing important habitat. However, NBS have been plagued by criticisms of anthropocentrism whereby human needs are prioritised over those of other species and ecosystems. To overcome this problem, the paper provides an outline of more-than-human thinking and suggests how relational concepts can help NBS move beyond an inherent anthropocentrism, and also begins to work through some of the complexities of making this shift. More-than-human thinking and theories have arisen in several disciplines, but despite a considerable presence in the literature, they have not yet been brought into conversation with NBS. The paper concludes that more-than-human thinking can generate deeper understanding of the interdependencies between all the entities that comprise cities, such that more inclusive NBS could be implemented.

需要采取不同的思维方式和理解方式来解决城市问题，并想出解决方案，以解决城市面临的一系列严峻挑战。本概念文件着眼于城市自然，从这样的观点出发：基于自然的解决方案（NBS）可以帮助将城市改造成不仅仅是人的地方。换句话说，城市可以鼓励包括但不限于人类在内的多种物种和生态系统的蓬勃发展。尽管城市曾经被认为是“生物多样性荒原”，但如今已被认为是提供重要栖息地的城市。但是，国家统计局一直饱受人类中心主义的批评之苦，在这种批评中，人类的需求高于其他物种和生态系统的需求。为了克服这个问题，这篇论文概述了非人类的思想，并提出了关系概念如何帮助NBS超越固有的人类中心主义，并且也开始克服这种转变带来的一些复杂性。在一些学科中出现了超越人类的思维和理论，但是尽管在文学中占有相当大的份额，但尚未与NBS进行对话。本文的结论是，超越人性的思维方式可以使人们对构成城市的所有实体之间的相互依赖性有更深入的了解，从而可以实施更具包容性的国家统计局。但是，尽管在文献中有相当多的存在，但它们尚未与NBS进行对话。本文的结论是，超越人性的思维方式可以使人们对构成城市的所有实体之间的相互依赖性有更深入的了解，从而可以实施更具包容性的国家统计局。但是，尽管在文献中有相当多的存在，但它们尚未与NBS进行对话。本文的结论是，超越人性的思维方式可以使人们对构成城市的所有实体之间的相互依赖性有更深入的了解，从而可以实施更具包容性的国家统计局。