Critical scholarship has shown that neoliberalism has reinforced Islamophobia, anti-Muslim racism and projections of Muslims as undesirable in many contexts, particularly in ‘the West’. Little is said about other impacts neoliberal ideology has had on the ways Muslim (immigrant) communities are viewed and (dis)integrated into Muslim-minority contexts. Against this backdrop, this paper argues that Muslims can also be desired and systematically mobilized in predominantly non-Muslim countries where neoliberalized economies capitalize on their identities. The argument is illustrated through case studies in contexts of halal food production and trade in New Zealand and Brazil. Drawing on conceptualizations of neoliberal utility/necessity perspectives on immigrants as well as on assemblage thinking, this paper shows, first, that neoliberal restructuring has played a major role in the development of trade relations with the Islamic world and thus in the emergence of demands for Muslim expertise, service providers and workers in both countries. It demonstrates, second, how Muslim identities have been systematically assembled to meet these demands, and third, that the assemblages are at the same time limited by largely (though not exclusively) neoliberal logics. Finally, the paper shows that many of the assembling practices and logics are similar in both contexts and likely to be found elsewhere. Their effects, however, diverge due to different local conditions. The findings imply that relations between neoliberal ideology and the ways Muslims are viewed and (dis)integrated in Muslim-minority contexts are complex and unfold differently across space, and that this complexity deserves greater academic scrutiny.

批判性学术研究表明，新自由主义加剧了伊斯兰恐惧症，反穆斯林种族主义和穆斯林的投射，这在许多情况下都是不可取的，尤其是在“西方”。关于新自由主义意识形态对穆斯林（移民）社区的观察和（分解）融入穆斯林少数民族环境的方式所产生的其他影响，鲜有提及。在这种背景下，本文认为，在新自由主义经济利用其身份的主要为非穆斯林国家中，也可以期望并有系统地动员穆斯林。案例研究以新西兰和巴西的清真食品生产和贸易为例进行了说明。借鉴新自由主义对移民以及集合思想的效用/必要性观点的概念化，本文首先指出，新自由主义的改组在发展与伊斯兰世界的贸易关系中发挥了重要作用，因此在两国对穆斯林专业知识，服务提供者和工人的需求出现中也发挥了重要作用。它表明，第二，如何系统地组合穆斯林身份以满足这些要求，第三，该组合同时受到很大程度上（尽管不是排他性的）新自由主义逻辑的限制。最后，该论文表明，许多组装实践和逻辑在这两种情况下都是相似的，并且很可能在其他地方找到。但是，由于当地条件的不同，它们的影响也有所不同。研究结果表明，新自由主义意识形态与穆斯林在少数族裔背景下的看法以及穆斯林的解散方式之间的关系是复杂的，并且在空间上呈现出不同的趋势，