Abstract

A systematic investigation was conducted on 56 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the atmosphere at seven functional regions of Jinan, China. The POPs included 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 6 phthalic acid esters (PAEs), 17 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The concentrations in gas-phase and particle-phase were monitored and analyzed to assess the contamination status and to identify the pollution sources according to the mass ratios between POP congeners and the distribution among the sampling regions and periods. The results show that the pollution level at a recreational area was lower than that in other regions of the city and it was higher in winter than in summer for all the 7 sampling sites. Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evenly distributed between gas-phase and particle-phase. The total concentration of phthalic acid esters (∑PAEs) in particle-phase was 96.4% larger than that in gas-phase, which was possibly derived from artificial plastics. PCB-126 was one of the major pollutants of the 17 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the atmosphere. High-Cl PCBs favored adhering to airborne particles, while low-Cl PCBs tended to stay in gas-phase. The total concentration of 17 organochlorine pesticides (∑OCPs) in gas-phase accounted for 68.0%, while methoxychlor, dieldrin, and endrin aldehyde preferred to particle-phase. Additionally, the preliminary investigation suggests that local pollution sources contributed to most PAHs in urban sites, while the sources could be complex for the suburban area and adjacent towns in winter. Residues of some OCPs could also come from long-distance transportation.

摘要

对济南市7个功能区大气中的56种持久性有机污染物（POPs）进行了系统调查。POPs 包括 16 种多环芳烃（PAHs）、6 种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）、17 种多氯联苯（PCBs）和 17 种有机氯农药（OCPs）。对气相和颗粒相的浓度进行监测和分析，根据POP同源物的质量比和采样区域和时段的分布情况，评估污染状况，确定污染源。结果表明，7个采样点的休闲区污染水平均低于城市其他区域，冬季高于夏季。16 种多环芳烃 (PAHs) 均匀分布在气相和颗粒相之间。颗粒相中邻苯二甲酸酯（∑PAEs）的总浓度比气相中的高96.4%，这可能来源于人造塑料。PCB-126是大气中17种多氯联苯（PCBs）的主要污染物之一。高氯多氯联苯倾向于粘附在空气中的颗粒上，而低氯多氯联苯倾向于保持在气相中。气相中17种有机氯农药(∑OCPs)的总浓度占68.0%，而甲氧氯、狄氏剂和异狄氏剂醛优于颗粒相。此外，初步调查表明，当地污染源促成了城市场地中的大多数 PAHs，而冬季郊区和邻近城镇的来源可能很复杂。一些 OCP 的残留物也可能来自长途运输。