Wheat is a staple crop in Nepal and is the third major cereal crop grown across the country. To improve productivity and increase the number of farmers growing wheat, the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), since 1962, has been releasing new wheat varieties with higher productivity and disease resistance. Accurate identification of the varieties grown in farmer's fields is critical for assessing the adoption levels and the impact of new varieties. This understanding can change the landscape of the wheat market and the overall vulnerability of the crop to diseases and abiotic stresses. Current methods of identification that rely on farmer description and morphological traits have been associated with ambiguity. The objective of this study was to determine the varietal adoption of wheat in the seven wheat-growing provinces of Nepal using DNA fingerprinting technology. The study revealed that ‘Gautam’ and ‘Vijay’ are the most popular wheat varieties planted in the plain areas of Nepal. The area covered in these varieties during the 2018–2019 wheat season was 20.3 and 19.5% respectively. ‘WK1204’ was popular and mostly planted in the mountainous areas of Nepal during the October–May cropping season. The decommissioned varieties, including ‘Lerma Roja-64’, ‘Pitic62’, ‘Kalyansona’, ‘NL-30’, ‘Siddhartha’, ‘Vaskar’, ‘Vinayak’, ‘Annapurna-2’, and ‘NL 251’ are still in use by 8% of wheat farmers across Nepal. Almost 38% of the varieties currently grown were released 20 yr ago. The varietal adoption was determined using molecular markers through fingerprinting, and its implications are discussed in this paper.

中文翻译：

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在农场层面进行 DNA 指纹识别以绘制尼泊尔小麦品种的采用情况

小麦是尼泊尔的主要作物，也是全国第三大谷物作物。为了提高生产力并增加种植小麦的农民数量，尼泊尔农业研究委员会 (NARC) 自 1962 年以来一直在发布具有更高生产力和抗病性的新小麦品种。准确识别农民田间种植的品种对于评估新品种的采用水平和影响至关重要。这种理解可以改变小麦市场的格局以及作物对疾病和非生物胁迫的整体脆弱性。目前依赖农民描述和形态特征的识别方法与模糊性有关。本研究的目的是使用 DNA 指纹技术确定尼泊尔七个小麦种植省的小麦品种采用情况。研究表明，“Gautam”和“Vijay”是尼泊尔平原地区最受欢迎的小麦品种。这些品种在 2018-2019 小麦季节的覆盖面积分别为 20.3% 和 19.5%。'WK1204' 很受欢迎，主要在 10 月至 5 月的种植季节种植在尼泊尔的山区。退役品​​种，包括“Lerma Roja-64”、“Pitic62”、“Kalyansona”、“NL-30”、“Siddhartha”、“Vaskar”、“Vinayak”、“Annapurna-2”和“NL 251”是尼泊尔 8% 的小麦农民仍在使用。目前种植的品种中近 38% 是在 20 年前发布的。品种采用是通过指纹识别使用分子标记确定的，