Biochar combined with fertilizer as a soil amendment benefits to improving soil fertility, especially soil organic carbon and crop yield. However, the effect of biochar on the improvement of soil properties and crop yield was varied from soil properties and limited for medium–low-yield farmland in the North China. During the completely randomized field experiment, SIX treatments (biochar applied as 0, 15 and 30 t·ha^-1, under 240 and 300 kg N ha^-1 nitrogen fertilizer) were applied in wheat season and examined to reveal changes in the SOC and other properties of 0- to 10-cm and 10- to 20-cm soil layers. The results showed that two years after the application of biochar, a significant increase in the SOC was observed, ranging from 19.52% to 97.50% (p < 0.05) in the 0- to 20-cm soil layer. Wheat yield and SOC content increased with increasing amount of biochar applied under the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The content of soil available potassium increased significantly under 30 t·ha^-1 biochar application (p < 0.05). Both biochar and nitrogen fertilizer application could increase wheat yield, and the effect of biochar application for increasing wheat yield was better than that of nitrogen fertilizer. Wheat yield and SOC content increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer at the same amount of biochar application. The principal component analysis results showed that biochar input, SOC, available potassium and total nitrogen were the key factors affecting wheat yield. Biochar application is a fast and effective measure to improve SOC and wheat yield in medium- and low-yield farmlands.

中文翻译：

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生物炭与氮肥配伍对中低产农田土壤性状和小麦产量的影响

生物炭与肥料结合作为土壤改良剂有利于提高土壤肥力，特别是土壤有机碳和作物产量。然而，生物炭对土壤性质和作物产量的改善作用因土壤性质而异，并且仅限于华北地区的中低产农田。在完全随机的田间试验中，在小麦季节施用了六种处理（生物炭以 0、15 和 30 t·ha ^-1施用，240 和 300 kg N ha ^-1氮肥施用）并检查以揭示 SOC 和0 至 10 厘米和 10 至 20 厘米土层的其他特性。结果表明，生物炭应用两年后，SOC显着增加，从19.52%到97.50%不等（p < 0.05) 在 0 到 20 厘米的土壤层中。在相同氮肥用量下，小麦产量和SOC含量随着生物炭用量的增加而增加。^{施用30 t·ha -1}生物炭显着提高土壤速效钾含量( p < 0.05)。生物质炭和氮肥均能提高小麦产量，且生物质炭增产效果优于氮肥。等量生物炭施用量下，小麦产量和SOC含量随着氮肥的增加而增加。主成分分析结果表明，生物炭投入量、SOC、速效钾和全氮是影响小麦产量的关键因素。生物炭的应用是提高中低产农田土壤有机碳和小麦产量的快速有效措施。