The current study examined intergroup-related and social-cognitive correlates of bystanders' acceptability judgements and their responses to bias-based bullying of immigrant peers and to possible retaliation for the bullying. Participants included 179 immigrant-origin and non-immigrant-origin youth (M_age = 13.23; SD = 1.55; 79 immigrant-origin youth). Participants' bystander judgements and responses to bullying and retaliation were examined via a hypothetical scenario. Further, participants' intergroup attitudes towards immigrants and their social-cognitive skills were evaluated. ANOVA results showed that immigrant-origin youth judged bullying as less acceptable and retaliation as more acceptable compared to non-immigrant-origin youth, documenting that group membership is related to adolescents' judgements. A similar pattern was observed in active bystander responses. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that immigration background, intergroup process in the context of immigration, and social-cognitive skills predict bystander responses to bullying and retaliation. This study provides important implications for anti-bullying intervention programmes to overcome the negative consequences of retaliation in the escalation of aggressive behaviours.

中文翻译：

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旁观者对基于偏见的欺凌和报复的反应：是否认为报复比基于偏见的欺凌更容易接受？

当前的研究检查了旁观者的可接受性判断以及他们对基于偏见的欺凌移民同龄人的反应以及对欺凌行为的可能报复的群体间相关和社会认知相关性。参与者包括 179 名移民来源和非移民来源的青年（M_年龄 = 13.23；SD = 1.55; 79 名移民出身的青年）。参与者的旁观者判断以及对欺凌和报复的反应是通过一个假设的场景来检查的。此外，还评估了参与者对移民的群体间态度及其社会认知技能。方差分析结果表明，与非移民出身的青年相比，移民出身的青年认为欺凌更不可接受，而报复更容易接受，证明群体成员资格与青少年的判断有关。在积极的旁观者反应中观察到类似的模式。分层回归分析表明，移民背景、移民背景下的群体间过程和社会认知技能可以预测旁观者对欺凌和报复的反应。