The Turkey Lakes Watershed (TLW) study is a federal, interdepartmental study established in 1979 to investigate the effects of acid rain on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The 10.5 km² watershed, located in the Eastern Temperate Mixed Forest on the Canadian Shield, has been the site of multidisciplinary studies on biogeochemical and ecological processes conducted across plot to catchment scales. The whole‐ecosystem investigative approach was adopted from the outset and has allowed research to evolve from its original (and continuing) acidification focus to include investigations on the effects of climate change, forest harvesting and other forest ecosystem perturbations. The extensive scientific and support infrastructure allows for collection of a comprehensive data record essential for understanding long‐term environmental trends. Data include atmospheric deposition, meteorology, stream hydrology and chemistry, soil, pore and ground water properties, understory and overstory vegetation, lake and outflow physical and chemical properties, and aquatic macroinvertebrate and fish community composition and abundance. These data have contributed to over 400 published research papers and graduate theses. The watershed has also figured prominently in many continent‐wide comparisons advancing fundamental watershed theory. The knowledge gained at TLW has influenced pollutant emission and natural resource management policies provincially, nationally and internationally.

中文翻译：

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加拿大安大略省的土耳其湖流域：40年跨学科的整个生态系统研究

土耳其湖泊流域（TLW）研究是一项联邦，跨部门研究，成立于1979年，旨在研究酸雨对陆地和水生生态系统的影响。10.5公里²该流域位于加拿大盾构的东部温带混交林中，一直是跨地块至集水规模进行生物地球化学和生态过程多学科研究的场所。从一开始就采用了整个生态系统的调查方法，并使研究从最初的（和持续的）酸化重点发展到包括对气候变化，森林采伐和其他森林生态系统扰动的影响的调查。广泛的科学和支持基础架构允许收集全面的数据记录，这对于理解长期环境趋势至关重要。数据包括大气沉积，气象，河流水文学和化学，土壤，孔隙和地下水特性，林下和林下植被，湖泊和出水口的理化特性，以及水生大型无脊椎动物和鱼类的群落组成和丰度。这些数据已为400多篇已发表的研究论文和研究生论文做出了贡献。分水岭在推进基本分水岭理论的许多大陆比较中也占有重要地位。TLW获得的知识已在省，国家和国际范围内影响了污染物排放和自然资源管理政策。